What must balance?
What must balance?
A half equation shows how one particle changes and includes the electrons it loses or gains. An ionic equation shows only the particles that react or are formed, leaving out unchanged spectator ions.
Step-by-step lessons on AQA GCSE Chemistry 1.1.1b Half equations and ionic equations. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Nail the core quantitative topics — moles, balancing equations and calculations — early on, since they underpin higher-tier questions across every paper and topic.