7a69e5d1c","cardType":"cloze","front":"A material feature observable or measurable without forming a new substance is a [ ].","back":"A material feature observable or measurable without forming a new substance is a physical property.","points":null,"mcqOptions":[{"text":"physical property","correct":true,"explanation":"A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the material’s chemical identity. Examples include density, melting point, hardness and electrical conductivity."},{"text":"chemical property","correct":false,"explanation":"A chemical property describes how a material can form new substances, such as its flammability or reactivity. The feature described is therefore a physical property."},{"text":"chemical reaction","correct":false,"explanation":"A chemical reaction is a process that forms one or more new substances, not an observable material feature. Such a feature is called a physical property."},{"text":"physical change","correct":false,"explanation":"A physical change is a process that alters a substance’s form or state without forming a new substance. An observable or measurable feature is a physical property."}]},{"id":"59fddc54-0ca0-46b3-bf0d-92e56153fb8a","cardType":"cloze","front":"A brittle material [ ] when a force is applied.","back":"A brittle material breaks or cracks rather than bending when a force is applied.","points":null,"mcqOptions":[{"text":"breaks or cracks rather than bending","correct":true,"explanation":"Brittle materials undergo little deformation before they fracture, so an applied force causes them to break or crack instead of bending significantly."},{"text":"bends easily without breaking","correct":false,"explanation":"Bending easily without breaking describes a flexible or ductile material, not a brittle one. A brittle material breaks or cracks rather than bending."},{"text":"stretches and returns to its original shape","correct":false,"explanation":"Returning to the original shape after stretching is elastic behaviour, which is different from brittleness. A brittle material breaks or cracks rather than bending."},{"text":"changes shape permanently without cracking","correct":false,"explanation":"Permanent deformation without cracking describes plastic or ductile behaviour. Brittle materials show little permanent deformation and instead break or crack when force is applied."}]},{"id":"03a6a9e2-1205-457a-a944-4aed8968b205","cardType":"cloze","front":"Soda-lime glass is made by heating [ ] until the mixture melts.","back":"Soda-lime glass is made by heating sand, sodium carbonate and limestone until the mixture melts.","points":null,"mcqOptions":[{"text":"sand, sodium carbonate and limestone","correct":true,"explanation":"Sand supplies silicon dioxide, sodium carbonate lowers the melting point, and limestone improves the glass’s durability. Heating these together produces soda-lime glass."},{"text":"sand, sodium chloride and limestone","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses sodium carbonate with sodium chloride, or common salt. Soda-lime glass is made by heating sand, sodium carbonate and limestone until they melt."},{"text":"sand, boron trioxide and sodium carbonate","correct":false,"explanation":"Boron compounds are associated with heat-resistant borosilicate glass, and this mixture omits limestone. Soda-lime glass uses sand, sodium carbonate and limestone."},{"text":"clay, sodium carbonate and limestone","correct":false,"explanation":"Clay is primarily used to make ceramics and cannot replace the sand supplying silicon dioxide here. Soda-lime glass requires sand, sodium carbonate and limestone."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-17","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"10.3.3 Ceramics, polymers and composites","titl

10.3.3 Ceramics, polymers and composites Flashcards

10.3.3 Ceramics, polymers and composites Flashcards