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This bond opens, allowing many alkene molecules to join into a chain."},{"text":"An alkane monomer.","correct":false,"explanation":"Alkanes contain only carbon-carbon single bonds, so they lack the reactive bond required here. Addition polymerisation uses an alkene monomer containing a carbon-carbon double bond."},{"text":"An alcohol monomer.","correct":false,"explanation":"Alcohols are identified by a hydroxyl group, not the reactive carbon-carbon double bond required for this process. The monomer in addition polymerisation is an alkene."},{"text":"A carboxylic acid monomer.","correct":false,"explanation":"Carboxylic acids are commonly associated with condensation reactions rather than this process. Addition polymerisation requires an alkene monomer with a reactive carbon-carbon double bond."}]},{"id":"32ce3820-64e6-438d-9adf-3b191b6fd42c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can alkene monomers undergo addition polymerisation?","back":"They contain a reactive carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They contain a reactive carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$.","correct":true,"explanation":"The carbon-carbon double bond can open so that each carbon forms an additional single bond to a neighbouring monomer, producing a long polymer chain."},{"text":"They contain a reactive carbon-carbon single bond, $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing the polymer backbone with the monomer gives a single bond here. Alkene monomers react because they contain a carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$."},{"text":"They contain a reactive carbon-carbon triple bond, $\\text{C}\\equiv\\text{C}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"A triple bond identifies an alkyne rather than an alkene. Addition-polymer monomers contain a reactive carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$, which opens during polymerisation."},{"text":"They contain a reactive carbon-oxygen double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{O}$.","correct":false,"explanation":"A carbon-oxygen double bond is a carbonyl group and does not define an alkene. Alkene monomers polymerise through their reactive carbon-carbon double bond, $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$."}]},{"id":"872b2a60-a691-4a6e-8052-e178c08f98c8","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is a monomer?","back":"A small molecule that can join to many other monomer molecules.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"bac05d56-e24f-4975-892e-d58fdf4f52a9","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is a polymer?","back":"A very large molecule made from many joined monomers.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"6a2e6798-cedf-41b6-9f47-aa6f4cdfed1c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to each alkene double bond during addition polymerisation?","back":"The $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond becomes a $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$ single bond.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"51a1f6c8-d612-49ac-9349-f351d7fe539e","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How do alkene monomers become a long carbon chain?","back":"Each backbone carbon forms a new single bond to a carbon in a neighbouring monomer.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"7d0133ce-f12f-4e46-b5a6-b0dd9e29f3bf","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is produced alongside the polymer in addition polymerisation?","back":"Nothing; no other molecule is produced.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"24e4ec62-bf42-4d35-8210-97ad656b764c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What polymer is formed from ethene?","back":"Poly(ethene).","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"72eb083f-8653-4aa1-8010-82da794768e3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What polymer is formed from propene?","back":"Poly(propene).","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"5e91ebc7-3d6f-4be1-a08c-da15ae59455e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is an addition polymer named?","back":"Put the monomer's name in brackets after poly.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Put the monomer's name in brackets after poly.","correct":true,"explanation":"An addition polymer is named directly from its monomer: write poly followed by the unchanged monomer name in brackets, as in poly(ethene)."},{"text":"Put the polymer's name in brackets after mono.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the naming relationship and uses the wrong prefix. Write poly followed by the original monomer’s name in brackets, such as poly(ethene)."},{"text":"Put the monomer's name in brackets after alkane.","correct":false,"explanation":"Alkane is a homologous-series name, not the prefix used to name a polymer. Put poly before the monomer’s name in brackets."},{"text":"Put the monomer's name before brackets containing poly.","correct":false,"explanation":"This places the parts of the name in the wrong order. Poly comes first, followed immediately by the monomer’s unchanged name in brackets."}]},{"id":"95a2efab-8950-4ac7-9b8a-58dbe28baf37","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does $n$ represent outside the brackets of a polymer structure?","back":"A large number of monomers and repeating units.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"b9486845-5775-437e-aaaf-9353f5d3c5e8","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What three features should an addition-polymer repeating-unit diagram show?","back":"

Square brackets around the repeating unit
Bonds passing through the brackets
$n$ outside the brackets

","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"55286857-72e0-4727-8856-eb333c432f14","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can you identify an alkene monomer in a structural diagram?","back":"It has a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ group and no polymer brackets.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"dcec87e6-aab4-4874-a34e-46182b6cb400","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can you identify an addition polymer in a structural diagram?","back":"It has a bracketed repeating unit with single bonds passing through the brackets.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d1adff4c-5911-42a6-b936-f1f4f1904490","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In addition polymerisation, many molecules of an [ ] monomer join to form one long-chain polymer.","back":"In addition polymerisation, many molecules of an alkene monomer join to form one long-chain polymer.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"ee6b1853-efbe-4a45-9b5b-071cc93f4fd3","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"During addition polymerisation, the monomer's $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond becomes a [ ].","back":"During addition polymerisation, the monomer's $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond becomes a $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$ single bond.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"33a2b93f-4743-47cf-9ae9-2a1eb6abc089","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"For ethene, $n\\,\\text{CH}_2{=}\\text{CH}_2 \\rightarrow \\left[\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-}\\right]_n$. The symbol $\\text{[...]}$ shows that the unit repeats many times.","back":"For ethene, $n\\,\\text{CH}_2{=}\\text{CH}_2 \\rightarrow \\left[\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-}\\right]_n$. The symbol $\\boxed{n}$ shows that the unit repeats many times.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"0c611b53-f764-472a-8a7c-1e859bdf262b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The propene repeating unit is $\\left[\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-CH}(\\text{CH}_3)\\text{-}\\right]_n$. The attached group that must remain on the backbone is $\\text{[...]}$.","back":"The propene repeating unit is $\\left[\\text{-CH}_2\\text{-CH}(\\text{CH}_3)\\text{-}\\right]_n$. The attached group that must remain on the backbone is $\\boxed{\\text{CH}_3}$.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"a4041f6b-25ae-42a4-8478-cb1f670ba34c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"An addition-polymer repeating unit has the same types and numbers of atoms as one [ ], because no other molecule is produced.","back":"An addition-polymer repeating unit has the same types and numbers of atoms as one monomer, because no other molecule is produced.","mcqOptions":null},{"id":"d0e871e9-6702-43cb-8a06-c5f07515cc6b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"To obtain the monomer from one repeating unit, remove the brackets, outward bonds and $n$, then change the backbone $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$ bond back to a [ ].","back":"To obtain the monomer from one repeating unit, remove the brackets, outward bonds and $n$, then change the backbone $\\text{C}-\\text{C}$ bond back to a $\\text{C}=\\text{C}$ bond.","mcqOptions":null}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-17","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.3.1 Addition polymerisation","title":"7.3.1 Addition polymerisation Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/chemistry/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"8e05c0d8-a1a0-59fe-9932-2e1678b94bb3","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]