31:I[196793,["/_next/static/chunks/2fr8ddyiico0m.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/18uq4slycawyz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222"],"Gingerbread"] 33:I[647935,["/_next/static/chunks/2fr8ddyiico0m.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/18uq4slycawyz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222"],"RecordResourceResume"] 34:I[830476,["/_next/static/chunks/2fr8ddyiico0m.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/18uq4slycawyz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222"],"FlashcardAccessBranch"] 35:I[315438,["/_next/static/chunks/2fr8ddyiico0m.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0p4rexedanx97.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2epfhfe5im7r6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/176p1wltq5_f6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1f95q9c4h-8pl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0u008gt6051u7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1odwrcl12kfnl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2u46tugibrk1v.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ao1re0xmmur_.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/03q735zs9dbpu.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3r5hh4t0jf4es.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ht89vb0p09bm.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12xoy6h_w_le6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jpl-42mbad5n.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2os7nxouq91eq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3ocoqwe4aht_u.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/330aj5rw-3o2w.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1h4wccj42vygd.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xa2z7fbv2riw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/14kf-an-d2n-e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/381o-754ev9ia.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2th820ily21xq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3kom3ps_bn2q6.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1x_yxljsdq0vl.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1xkpwfqqdrdio.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3dcuhw7_p-nlv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2a4uxh-kqx1wo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2-3hvjs177r4z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/18uq4slycawyz.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1pp_uf_jx5j9r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1s6j_7_p0ugo9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2vg15qyptj-oc.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2b6r02yb2zswo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/12mv6p8rwcl5o.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/422ba61wql3d7.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2opkuzmjw8cxb.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/34ux0fo6f-rm8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3h4suq-9gmzwh.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0rt2_go1it43r.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0v5zhouho0zlq.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1gtlwpzgzi12z.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2zwoemojbdlmi.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2y341-r8ncizo.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3jzaxe43n3e1e.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3xz_lj7nwz2k-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1lsxkfxy262n-.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/2tgvlfspjb-j8.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/0pdzmybpnr872.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/1zt4k83kx3bkw.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/200x0be4hbjpj.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/35bn8r0ao86_s.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/3wqp-h5xnebw9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/120-bka6zq5lp.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/30dopbgd1dkf9.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222","/_next/static/chunks/43ajf4ofaeu5y.js?dpl=nogit-1790413222"],"TopicFlashcardRunner"] 22:[["$","$L31",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L32",["$","$L33",null,{"href":"/gcse/biology/aqa/transfer-of-biomass/flashcards","label":"7.4.3 Transfer of biomass","subjectCode":"gcse_biology__aqa","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L34",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L35",null,{"decks":[{"id":"5dc79a5b-abee-4d51-8f35-087b29a22aba","title":"7.4.3 Transfer of biomass Flashcards","topicId":"1cef23ac-5b05-5ebc-891b-7397fa991f43","topicSlug":"transfer-of-biomass","cards":[{"id":"f5e48250-d216-449f-8f7d-d1bb132de0c1","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What percentage of biomass is usually passed to the next trophic level?","back":"About 10% of the biomass passes to the next trophic level.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"About 10% of the biomass passes to the next trophic level.","correct":true,"explanation":"Only about 10% of biomass is transferred between trophic levels because much is lost through respiration, waste, uneaten parts and movement."},{"text":"About 1% of the biomass passes to the next trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"This underestimates transfer by treating the usual efficiency as one hundredth. The accepted value is about 10%, although actual efficiencies can vary between food chains."},{"text":"About 50% of the biomass passes to the next trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"This overestimates transfer by ignoring biomass lost in respiration, waste and uneaten material. Usually, only about 10% passes to the next trophic level."},{"text":"About 90% of the biomass passes to the next trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the typical pattern by confusing biomass retained with biomass lost. Only about 10% is transferred, while most biomass is not passed on."}]},{"id":"765a562d-64c5-4733-bf7a-f21b9a8a6958","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does biomass measure?","back":"Biomass is the mass of living material in an organism or trophic level.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Biomass is the mass of living material in an organism or trophic level.","correct":true,"explanation":"Biomass measures the mass of living material present in an organism or trophic level, allowing the amount of biological material and its transfer to be compared."},{"text":"Biomass is the mass of all material in an organism or trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"Including non-living material such as soil, water or waste gives too broad a measurement. Biomass specifically means the mass of living material."},{"text":"Biomass is the mass of energy stored in an organism or trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"Energy is transferred and often measured in joules, whereas biomass is a mass measurement. The correct definition concerns living material in an organism or trophic level."},{"text":"Biomass is the mass of dead material in an organism or trophic level.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dead material is not included in the biomass of a living organism or trophic level. Biomass is the mass of living material present."}]},{"id":"067ef501-84d0-4fdd-a590-f83a736d24af","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is biomass usually measured?","back":"Biomass is usually measured as dry mass.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Biomass is usually measured as dry mass.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dry mass is used because removing water gives a more reliable measure of the organic material that makes up the biomass."},{"text":"Biomass is usually measured as wet mass.","correct":false,"explanation":"Wet mass includes variable amounts of water, which can differ greatly between samples. Dry mass is used because it gives a fairer comparison of organic material."},{"text":"Biomass is usually measured as volume.","correct":false,"explanation":"Volume describes the space occupied, not the amount of biological material. Biomass is usually measured using dry mass after water has been removed."},{"text":"Biomass is usually measured as energy content.","correct":false,"explanation":"Energy content indicates stored chemical energy rather than mass. The standard biomass measurement is dry mass, which excludes variable water content."}]},{"id":"f6383492-4976-439b-9234-7dcd5a6f8fed","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is some biomass not transferred when an organism is eaten?","back":"The biomass not eaten remains in parts such as bones, roots and hard shells.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The biomass not eaten remains in parts such as bones, roots and hard shells.","correct":true,"explanation":"Some parts are not eaten because they are difficult to consume or digest. Bones, roots and hard shells therefore retain biomass instead of transferring it."},{"text":"The biomass not eaten remains in parts such as muscles, leaves and soft skin.","correct":false,"explanation":"These parts are generally soft and accessible, so they are not the typical examples of uneaten material. The correct examples are bones, roots and hard shells."},{"text":"The biomass not eaten remains in parts such as blood, fruits and internal organs.","correct":false,"explanation":"These tissues are usually accessible and may be consumed by a predator or herbivore. Uneaten biomass is typically found in bones, roots and hard shells."},{"text":"The biomass not eaten remains in parts such as fat, seeds and loose feathers.","correct":false,"explanation":"These materials can often be eaten or detached rather than forming the main protected remains. The relevant uneaten parts are bones, roots and hard shells."}]},{"id":"a79dfd4d-e3ff-4c4a-b0db-46de9e9a3a45","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Only about [ ] of biomass at one trophic level passes to the next.","back":"Only about 10% of biomass at one trophic level passes to the next.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"10%","correct":true,"explanation":"About 10% of biomass is transferred to the next trophic level; the remainder is lost through processes such as respiration, waste and uneaten material."},{"text":"1%","correct":false,"explanation":"This is a tenfold underestimate caused by shifting the percentage place value. The usual transfer between adjacent trophic levels is about 10%."},{"text":"20%","correct":false,"explanation":"This doubles the typical transfer efficiency and overlooks substantial losses from respiration, waste and uneaten parts. The expected value is about 10%."},{"text":"50%","correct":false,"explanation":"This assumes half the biomass is transferred, ignoring the large losses occurring before and during feeding. Usually, only about 10% passes onward."}]},{"id":"1daf20b2-1851-46cc-9b47-f716cbdc2a9f","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How is biomass lost when food is not fully digested?","back":"Some food is egested as faeces because it is not digested.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Some food is egested as faeces because it is not digested.","correct":true,"explanation":"Food that cannot be digested is not absorbed into the organism. It leaves the alimentary canal as faeces, so its biomass is not transferred to the consumer."},{"text":"Some food is excreted as urine because it is not digested.","correct":false,"explanation":"Excretion removes metabolic waste after substances have been processed, whereas undigested food leaves as faeces. The correct process is egestion, not excretion."},{"text":"Some food is absorbed into the blood because it is not digested.","correct":false,"explanation":"Only soluble products of digestion are absorbed into the blood. Undigested food cannot be absorbed and is egested as faeces."},{"text":"Some food is respired as carbon dioxide because it is not digested.","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration uses absorbed substances and releases carbon dioxide; it does not remove undigested food. Undigested material is egested as faeces."}]},{"id":"b56577d4-7a4f-469b-87d4-70403c716d1b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Undigested food is [ ].","back":"Undigested food is egested as faeces.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"egested as faeces","correct":true,"explanation":"Undigested food cannot be absorbed, so it passes through the alimentary canal and leaves the body as faeces by egestion."},{"text":"excreted as urine","correct":false,"explanation":"Urine contains metabolic waste removed by excretion, not undigested food. Material that remains undigested leaves the alimentary canal as faeces."},{"text":"absorbed into the blood","correct":false,"explanation":"Absorption occurs only after food has been broken into soluble digestion products. Undigested material is not absorbed and is egested as faeces."},{"text":"respired as carbon dioxide","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration breaks down absorbed substances to release energy and produces carbon dioxide. Undigested food instead passes out of the body as faeces."}]},{"id":"c33ae6d5-95a3-4668-b975-b6fcd73c2a27","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does respiration cause biomass loss?","back":"Respiration uses biomass to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Respiration uses biomass to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water.","correct":true,"explanation":"During respiration, organic substances in biomass are broken down to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are produced, so this represents a loss of biomass from the organism."},{"text":"Respiration uses biomass to release energy, producing oxygen and glucose.","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen and glucose are reactants in aerobic respiration, not its products. Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy from biomass."},{"text":"Respiration uses biomass to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and glucose.","correct":false,"explanation":"Glucose is broken down during respiration rather than produced by it. The products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water."},{"text":"Respiration uses biomass to release energy, producing water and oxygen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen is used as a reactant in aerobic respiration, so it is not produced. The correct products are carbon dioxide and water."}]},{"id":"a30d5e54-c290-4c5f-b08f-2c8e5979d1ea","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Respiration causes biomass to leave the body as [ ].","back":"Respiration causes biomass to leave the body as carbon dioxide and water.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"carbon dioxide and water","correct":true,"explanation":"Respiration breaks down biomass and produces carbon dioxide and water, which leave the body as waste products. This transfers carbon and hydrogen away from the organism."},{"text":"oxygen and glucose","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen and glucose are reactants used in aerobic respiration, not the waste products released. Respiration causes biomass to leave the body as carbon dioxide and water."},{"text":"protein and urea","correct":false,"explanation":"Protein is a nutrient, while urea is nitrogen-containing waste made from excess amino acids. Respiration does not produce them; its waste products are carbon dioxide and water."},{"text":"faeces and mineral ions","correct":false,"explanation":"Faeces contain undigested food and mineral ions are not the main products of respiration. Respiration transfers biomass out of the body as carbon dioxide and water."}]},{"id":"133df8ea-fb89-4ed5-92b4-095c2d4f04d1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do mammals and birds lose a lot of biomass?","back":"Mammals and birds use much biomass to keep their bodies warm.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Mammals and birds use much biomass to keep their bodies warm.","correct":true,"explanation":"Mammals and birds use energy from respiration to maintain a constant, warm body temperature. This releases substantial biomass as carbon dioxide and water, leaving less available for growth."},{"text":"Mammals and birds use much biomass to make their bodies lighter.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reducing body mass is not the main reason for biomass loss. Mammals and birds respire extensively to keep their bodies warm, releasing carbon dioxide and water."},{"text":"Mammals and birds use much biomass to replace their feathers and fur.","correct":false,"explanation":"Feather and fur replacement uses some resources but does not explain the large biomass loss. The major cost is respiration for keeping their bodies warm."},{"text":"Mammals and birds use much biomass to produce more oxygen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Animals do not produce oxygen as their main energy process; they consume it during aerobic respiration. Much biomass is lost because respiration keeps their bodies warm."}]},{"id":"c057980e-1427-49de-b9b6-6bc31ca5c1d0","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How is biomass lost as a nitrogen-containing waste product?","back":"Urea is lost in urine.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Urea is lost in urine.","correct":true,"explanation":"Excess amino acids are broken down in the liver, producing urea. The kidneys remove urea from the blood and it leaves the body dissolved in urine."},{"text":"Urea is lost in faeces.","correct":false,"explanation":"Faeces mainly contain undigested food, bacteria and gut cells, rather than urea from amino acid breakdown. Urea is filtered from the blood and excreted in urine."},{"text":"Urea is lost in sweat.","correct":false,"explanation":"Small amounts of urea can be present in sweat, but this is not the principal route of nitrogenous waste loss. Urea is mainly excreted in urine."},{"text":"Urea is lost in exhaled air.","correct":false,"explanation":"Exhaled air removes carbon dioxide and water vapour produced during respiration, not urea. Urea is transported to the kidneys and lost in urine."}]},{"id":"d951594c-29c2-4558-a585-a99d4c40f11a","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"Give three ways biomass is lost between trophic levels.","back":"

Not all organisms are eaten.
Some food is not digested.
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Not all organisms are eaten.
Some food is not digested.
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Biomass transfer is incomplete because some organisms are not eaten, some consumed material is not digested, and respiration converts biomass into carbon dioxide and water."},{"text":"

All organisms are eaten.
Some food is not digested.
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The first statement is wrong because many organisms are not eaten and their biomass is not transferred. The correct reasons also include undigested food and respiratory products."},{"text":"

Not all organisms are eaten.
All food is digested.
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The second statement is wrong because some eaten food remains undigested, so its biomass is not transferred. Uneaten organisms and respiration also contribute to biomass loss."},{"text":"

Not all organisms are eaten.
Some food is not digested.
Respiration produces oxygen and glucose.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration uses oxygen and glucose rather than producing them. Biomass is lost through respiration when carbon dioxide and water are produced, alongside uneaten and undigested material."}]},{"id":"7b499d37-dd24-4d15-a125-6dc1c7bfdb27","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is there far less biomass at the top of a food chain?","back":"There is progressively less biomass at higher trophic levels because only about 10% transfers each time.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"There is progressively less biomass at higher trophic levels because only about 10% transfers each time.","correct":true,"explanation":"Only about 10% of biomass is transferred to the next trophic level. The remaining biomass is lost through processes such as respiration, uneaten material and undigested food."},{"text":"There is progressively less biomass at higher trophic levels because only about 90% transfers each time.","correct":false,"explanation":"About 90% is lost between successive trophic levels, not transferred. Only about 10% transfers each time, causing biomass to decrease sharply towards the top."},{"text":"There is progressively less biomass at higher trophic levels because only about 50% transfers each time.","correct":false,"explanation":"A 50% transfer would leave much more biomass available at higher levels than is usually observed. The typical transfer is about 10%, with about 90% lost."},{"text":"There is progressively less biomass at higher trophic levels because only about 1% transfers each time.","correct":false,"explanation":"About 1% confuses biomass transfer with a much smaller possible energy or population estimate. The GCSE rule is that about 10% of biomass transfers each time."}]},{"id":"fc9a7048-3cbe-4419-8da3-9df39339ed7e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to the biomass that is not transferred?","back":"About 90% of biomass is lost between successive trophic levels.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"About 90% of biomass is lost between successive trophic levels.","correct":true,"explanation":"Only about 10% of biomass is transferred to the next trophic level, so the other approximately 90% is lost through respiration, uneaten organisms and undigested food."},{"text":"About 10% of biomass is lost between successive trophic levels.","correct":false,"explanation":"About 10% is the proportion transferred to the next trophic level, not the proportion lost. The remaining approximately 90% of biomass is lost."},{"text":"About 50% of biomass is lost between successive trophic levels.","correct":false,"explanation":"A 50% loss would imply a 50% transfer efficiency, which is not the standard biomass-transfer relationship. About 90% is lost and about 10% transfers."},{"text":"About 99% of biomass is lost between successive trophic levels.","correct":false,"explanation":"A 99% loss would leave only about 1% transferred, overstating the usual loss. The expected relationship is approximately 90% lost and 10% passed on."}]},{"id":"901f50bf-2ddb-4cc8-9483-ffbe1ab084a2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do food chains rarely have more than five trophic levels?","back":"Food chains rarely exceed four or five levels because about 90% of biomass is lost at each transfer.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Food chains rarely exceed four or five levels because about 90% of biomass is lost at each transfer.","correct":true,"explanation":"Losing about 90% of biomass at every transfer leaves progressively less available to support organisms at higher trophic levels, so food chains rarely extend beyond four or five levels."},{"text":"Food chains rarely exceed four or five levels because about 10% of biomass is lost at each transfer.","correct":false,"explanation":"About 10% is transferred at each level, not lost. The much larger loss of about 90% leaves too little biomass to support many higher trophic levels."},{"text":"Food chains rarely exceed four or five levels because about 50% of biomass is lost at each transfer.","correct":false,"explanation":"A 50% loss would mean half the biomass transfers each time, allowing longer chains than are normally seen. The standard figure for biomass loss is about 90%."},{"text":"Food chains rarely exceed four or five levels because about 90% of energy is stored at each transfer.","correct":false,"explanation":"Biomass is not stored at 90% efficiency; approximately 90% is lost between levels. Only about 10% transfers, restricting the number of trophic levels."}]},{"id":"1d036542-4382-446e-8166-b39dba5ee32c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass [ ].","back":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass passed on to the next trophic level.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"passed on to the next trophic level","correct":true,"explanation":"Biomass transfer efficiency measures the percentage of biomass in one trophic level that is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level."},{"text":"lost through respiration at the next trophic level","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration is one way biomass is lost, not the definition of transfer efficiency. The percentage measured is the biomass passed on to the next trophic level."},{"text":"produced by organisms at the same trophic level","correct":false,"explanation":"Biomass production within a trophic level is different from transfer between levels. Transfer efficiency specifically measures the biomass passed on to the next trophic level."},{"text":"remaining after digestion at the previous trophic level","correct":false,"explanation":"Undigested material is biomass that has not been transferred into the consumer's tissues. Transfer efficiency refers to the percentage passed on to the next trophic level."}]},{"id":"4c4ac855-d0fc-4d1e-b11b-e578e77f1713","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does biomass transfer efficiency measure?","back":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass available at one level that passes to the next level.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass available at one level that passes to the next level.","correct":true,"explanation":"Transfer efficiency compares the biomass passed to the next trophic level with the biomass originally available, expressing this proportion as a percentage."},{"text":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of organisms at one level that survive to reproduce at the next level.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses biomass transfer with reproductive success. Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass available at one trophic level that passes to the next level."},{"text":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of energy at one level that is released through respiration at the next level.","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration releases energy and reduces the biomass available to consumers; it is not transferred biomass. The efficiency measures the percentage of available biomass passed onwards."},{"text":"Biomass transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass available at one level that is lost before the next level.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the relationship by measuring losses rather than transfer. Transfer efficiency is the percentage of biomass at one level that passes to the next trophic level."}]},{"id":"a9531285-5e4c-4b12-994a-6bb5eba9314d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"100 kJ is available and 12 kJ is transferred. What is the transfer efficiency?","back":"$$$\\frac{12}{100} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{12\\%}$$","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$$\\frac{12}{100} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{12\\%}$$","correct":true,"explanation":"Transfer efficiency equals biomass transferred divided by biomass available, multiplied by 100. Therefore, 12 divided by 100 and multiplied by 100 gives 12%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{100}{12} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{833\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"The transferred and available quantities have been reversed. Dividing 12 kJ transferred by 100 kJ available, then multiplying by 100, gives 12%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{12}{100} \\div 100 = \\mathbf{0.12\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"Dividing by 100 converts in the wrong direction and makes the result too small. The fraction must be multiplied by 100, giving 12%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{100 - 12}{100} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{88\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"Subtracting calculates the percentage not transferred rather than the transfer efficiency. The transferred 12 kJ must be divided by the available 100 kJ, giving 12%."}]},{"id":"8387c1c7-c3c6-49cf-8998-487e9b2e4f83","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"500 kJ is available and 50 kJ is transferred. What is the transfer efficiency?","back":"$$$\\frac{50}{500} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{10\\%}$$","mcqOptions":[{"text":"$$$\\frac{50}{500} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{10\\%}$$","correct":true,"explanation":"Transfer efficiency is the transferred energy divided by the available energy, multiplied by 100. Dividing 50 kJ by 500 kJ gives 0.1, or 10%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{500}{50} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{1000\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"The numerator and denominator have been reversed, producing an impossible efficiency above 100%. Dividing 50 kJ by 500 kJ and multiplying by 100 gives 10%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{50}{500} \\times 10 = \\mathbf{1\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"Multiplying the fraction by 10 instead of 100 makes the percentage ten times too small. The correct conversion gives a transfer efficiency of 10%."},{"text":"$$$\\frac{500 - 50}{500} \\times 100 = \\mathbf{90\\%}$$","correct":false,"explanation":"This calculates the percentage of energy not transferred, which is the complement of the required efficiency. Using 50 kJ transferred over 500 kJ available gives 10%."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-11","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.4.3 Transfer of biomass","title":"7.4.3 Transfer of biomass Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/biology/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"1cef23ac-5b05-5ebc-891b-7397fa991f43","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]