Aphids are small insect pests that can reproduce both asexually, via a process called parthenogenesis (where females produce live, genetically identical female offspring without fertilization), and sexually, by producing fertilized eggs that overwinter.
Table 1 contains three statements about cell division. Complete Table 1 by identifying if each statement is true for Mitosis only, Meiosis only, or Both mitosis and meiosis.
| Statement | Mitosis only | Meiosis only | Both mitosis and meiosis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Produces genetically identical daughter cells | |||
| Involves two rounds of division | |||
| Involves alignment of chromosomes on the cell equator |
One advantage of asexual reproduction via parthenogenesis for aphids during the summer is that it is faster than sexual reproduction, allowing rapid colonization of host plants. Suggest two other advantages of asexual reproduction for these insects.
Explain why sexual reproduction in autumn is an advantage for aphids.