Plants contain highly specialized tissues and cells to facilitate growth and transport.
Complete the following sentences:
- The outer protective outer layer of cells covering a leaf is the epidermis\text{epidermis}epidermis (or epidermal tissue\text{epidermal tissue}epidermal tissue).
- The plant tissue containing actively dividing, undifferentiated cells found in the growing tips of roots and shoots is the meristem\text{meristem}meristem.
Xylem vessels transport water and mineral ions. The walls of these cells are reinforced with a tough, water-impermeable substance. Name this substance.
The diagram below shows a longitudinal section of phloem tissue:
The concentration of dissolved sugars inside the phloem sieve tube element is higher than the concentration inside Cell A.
Explain how the sub-cellular structures in Cell A help to transport dissolved sugars into the phloem sieve tube element.
During differentiation, unspecialized cells undergo structural changes to become functional sieve tube elements. Describe one structural change that occurs during this process.