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Building
Quarrying
Farming
Dumping waste

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Building
Quarrying
Farming
Dumping waste

","correct":true,"explanation":"These four activities use or damage land that could otherwise provide habitats. Building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste therefore reduce the amount of land available for other organisms."},{"text":"

Building
Fishing
Farming
Recycling waste

","correct":false,"explanation":"Fishing does not generally use land, and recycling waste does not reduce available habitat. The correct activities are building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste because each takes over or damages land."},{"text":"

Quarrying
Conservation
Transport
Dumping waste

","correct":false,"explanation":"Conservation protects habitats rather than reducing them, while transport is not one of the specified land-use activities. The correct four are building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste."},{"text":"

Building
Quarrying
Planting forests
Protecting habitats

","correct":false,"explanation":"Planting forests and protecting habitats can increase or preserve land for organisms. The correct activities that reduce available land are building, quarrying, farming and dumping waste."}]},{"id":"843bcd85-e1e2-4f41-a716-b5caf8427530","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does building reduce the number of species able to live in an area?","back":"Building destroys or takes over habitats that plants and animals depend on.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Building destroys or takes over habitats that plants and animals depend on.","correct":true,"explanation":"Construction replaces natural or semi-natural habitats with buildings, roads and other structures. Organisms lose the places and resources they need, so fewer species can live in the area."},{"text":"Building creates more habitats that plants and animals depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although some organisms may use buildings, construction usually removes natural habitats rather than creating enough suitable ones. The correct explanation is that building destroys or takes over habitats."},{"text":"Building increases oxygen levels that plants and animals depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Buildings do not increase the oxygen available as a habitat resource, and oxygen levels are not the main reason species are lost. Construction destroys or takes over habitats instead."},{"text":"Building makes habitats larger that plants and animals depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Construction normally fragments or replaces habitats, making suitable living space smaller. The correct answer is that building destroys or takes over habitats on which plants and animals depend."}]},{"id":"8d662477-6d3c-423b-8c58-9bceefdb73a8","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does quarrying reduce biodiversity?","back":"Quarrying destroys or takes over habitats, leaving fewer species able to live there.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Quarrying destroys or takes over habitats, leaving fewer species able to live there.","correct":true,"explanation":"Quarrying removes rock and soil and transforms the land, destroying existing habitats. With fewer suitable places and resources, fewer species are able to live in the quarried area."},{"text":"Quarrying creates or restores habitats, leaving more species able to live there.","correct":false,"explanation":"A quarry may later be managed as a habitat, but the quarrying process initially destroys or takes over existing habitats. This leaves fewer species able to live there."},{"text":"Quarrying increases the food supply, leaving more species able to live there.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing vegetation and soil does not generally increase the food supply for the original community. Quarrying reduces biodiversity because it destroys or takes over habitats."},{"text":"Quarrying removes competition, leaving every species able to live there.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing habitat does not allow every species to survive; species still need suitable shelter, food and breeding sites. The correct reason is habitat destruction or takeover."}]},{"id":"512aa176-a74c-4430-a5b1-6593e813efb1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does farming reduce biodiversity?","back":"Farming destroys or takes over habitats, so fewer species can live in the area.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Farming destroys or takes over habitats, so fewer species can live in the area.","correct":true,"explanation":"Land is cleared or managed for crops and livestock, replacing habitats with farmland. This reduces the variety of conditions and resources available, so fewer species can live there."},{"text":"Farming creates or restores habitats, so more species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"Some farmland can support wildlife, but intensive farming commonly replaces existing habitats and reduces variety. The correct explanation is that farming destroys or takes over habitats."},{"text":"Farming increases habitat variety, so every species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"Farming often simplifies habitats into fields or grazing land, rather than allowing every species to survive. Biodiversity falls because farming destroys or takes over habitats."},{"text":"Farming removes predators, so fewer species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"Predator removal is not the main general explanation for land-use effects, and it would not directly account for fewer habitats. Farming reduces biodiversity by destroying or taking over habitats."}]},{"id":"c35e8259-c7b0-460e-83a3-0f49608e2d92","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does dumping waste reduce biodiversity?","back":"Dumping waste destroys or takes over habitats that organisms depend on.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Dumping waste destroys or takes over habitats that organisms depend on.","correct":true,"explanation":"Waste disposal occupies land and can damage the conditions organisms require. The resulting loss or takeover of habitat means fewer organisms can survive there."},{"text":"Dumping waste creates or restores habitats that organisms depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Waste sites may be colonised by some organisms, but dumping waste generally damages and occupies habitats rather than restoring them. The correct effect is habitat destruction or takeover."},{"text":"Dumping waste increases habitat quality that organisms depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Waste can contaminate soil and water and reduce habitat quality. It does not generally improve conditions; dumping waste destroys or takes over habitats organisms depend on."},{"text":"Dumping waste removes all competition that organisms depend on.","correct":false,"explanation":"Waste disposal does not remove competition in a way that benefits the community, and competition is not the relevant land-use mechanism. Habitat destruction or takeover causes biodiversity loss."}]},{"id":"86958eb4-7314-4cf0-8f65-9d09ce1c2e6d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to biodiversity when habitats are lost?","back":"Biodiversity falls because fewer species can live in the area.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Biodiversity falls because fewer species can live in the area.","correct":true,"explanation":"Habitat loss removes the food, shelter and breeding places that species need. As fewer species can survive in the remaining area, biodiversity falls."},{"text":"Biodiversity rises because fewer species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"A smaller number of species means less variety, not more. Habitat loss causes biodiversity to fall because fewer species can live in the area."},{"text":"Biodiversity stays constant because fewer species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"If species are unable to live in an area after habitat loss, the variety of species changes. Therefore biodiversity falls rather than staying constant."},{"text":"Biodiversity falls because more species can live in the area.","correct":false,"explanation":"The conclusion is correct, but the stated reason is reversed. Biodiversity falls because habitat loss means fewer species, not more species, can live in the area."}]},{"id":"e14397d4-d515-4bfe-bffe-2eebafb67bc2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is biodiversity?","back":"The variety of all different species in an ecosystem or on Earth.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The variety of all different species in an ecosystem or on Earth.","correct":true,"explanation":"Biodiversity describes the variety of different species present in a particular ecosystem or across Earth. Greater species variety means greater biodiversity."},{"text":"The number of individuals of one species in an ecosystem or on Earth.","correct":false,"explanation":"Counting individuals of one species measures population size, not biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of all the different species in an ecosystem or on Earth."},{"text":"The total area of habitats in an ecosystem or on Earth.","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitat area describes the amount of living space, but it does not directly define biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of all different species present."},{"text":"The amount of food available in an ecosystem or on Earth.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food availability can affect how many species survive, but it is not the definition of biodiversity. Biodiversity means the variety of all the different species."}]},{"id":"598aa52a-dbf9-4b93-9eb9-106127ee6ab4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is a peat bog?","back":"A waterlogged habitat where dead plants build up as peat because oxygen shortage slows decay.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A waterlogged habitat where dead plants build up as peat because oxygen shortage slows decay.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat bogs are waterlogged habitats with little oxygen. The oxygen shortage slows decomposition, allowing dead plant material to accumulate and form peat."},{"text":"A dry grassland where dead plants disappear quickly because warmth speeds decay.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dry grassland has more aerobic conditions and is not the defining habitat of peat formation. Peat bogs are waterlogged and oxygen-poor, so dead plants decay slowly."},{"text":"A rocky habitat where dead plants build up because there are no decomposers.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peat bogs are not defined by rocky ground or a complete absence of decomposers. They are waterlogged, and limited oxygen slows decay by decomposers."},{"text":"A woodland habitat where dead plants build up because sunlight prevents decay.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sunlight is not the cause of peat accumulation, and woodland is not the defining habitat. Waterlogging creates oxygen shortage, which slows decay in a peat bog."}]},{"id":"dff96cb2-90b5-41e3-9375-f07c14af0060","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do dead plants build up as peat in peat bogs?","back":"The bog lacks oxygen, so decay happens slowly.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The bog lacks oxygen, so decay happens slowly.","correct":true,"explanation":"Water fills the spaces in the bog, limiting oxygen available to decomposers. Their aerobic decomposition is slower, so dead plants accumulate and form peat."},{"text":"The bog lacks water, so decay happens slowly.","correct":false,"explanation":"A peat bog is waterlogged, so lack of water is the opposite of the key condition. Limited oxygen in the waterlogged bog slows decay."},{"text":"The bog lacks sunlight, so decay happens slowly.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reduced sunlight is not the main reason dead plants accumulate as peat. The crucial factor is oxygen shortage, which slows decomposition by microorganisms."},{"text":"The bog lacks decomposers, so decay happens slowly.","correct":false,"explanation":"Decomposers are present, but their activity is limited by the lack of oxygen. The correct explanation is oxygen shortage, not complete absence of decomposers."}]},{"id":"cd692e3e-6379-4659-970c-1adddbbca95b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is peat used for in gardens?","back":"Peat is sold as compost.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Peat is sold as compost.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat is used in gardening as a compost or growing medium because it can improve soil structure and retain water. This use has contributed to peat bog destruction."},{"text":"Peat is sold as pesticide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peat is not a pesticide and does not kill pests directly. Its gardening use is as compost, where it acts as a growing medium or soil conditioner."},{"text":"Peat is sold as fertiliser.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peat is commonly confused with fertiliser, but its main gardening use is as compost or a growing medium. Fertiliser supplies mineral ions, whereas peat mainly improves growing conditions."},{"text":"Peat is sold as herbicide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peat does not function as a herbicide and is not used to kill unwanted plants. It is sold as compost for growing plants."}]},{"id":"73443abe-feb7-4617-83df-74890a66ba84","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is peat used for as an energy resource?","back":"Peat is burned as a fuel.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Peat is burned as a fuel.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat contains stored chemical energy from partially decomposed plant material. Burning it releases that energy as heat, so peat can be used as a fuel."},{"text":"Peat is burned as a fertiliser.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertiliser is added to soil to provide mineral ions and is not normally burned for energy. Peat is burned as a fuel because it contains stored chemical energy."},{"text":"Peat is burned as a pesticide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Pesticides control organisms such as insects or weeds and are not energy resources. Peat is burned as a fuel to release stored chemical energy."},{"text":"Peat is burned as a decomposer.","correct":false,"explanation":"A decomposer is an organism, not a material burned for energy. Peat is burned as a fuel because its plant material stores chemical energy."}]},{"id":"c7a00ff1-7732-433d-9e8d-46243e3206da","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does destroying a peat bog reduce biodiversity?","back":"It removes a rare habitat, so biodiversity in the area falls.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It removes a rare habitat, so biodiversity in the area falls.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat bogs are uncommon habitats supporting specially adapted species. Destroying one removes that habitat, so the number and variety of species in the area decrease."},{"text":"It removes a common habitat, so biodiversity in the area rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"Peat bogs are rare rather than common, and removing habitat cannot make biodiversity rise. Destroying the rare habitat causes biodiversity in the area to fall."},{"text":"It creates a rare habitat, so biodiversity in the area falls.","correct":false,"explanation":"Destroying a peat bog removes rather than creates its rare habitat. The loss of this habitat reduces biodiversity in the area."},{"text":"It removes a rare habitat, so biodiversity in the area stays constant.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing a rare habitat eliminates places needed by specialist species, so biodiversity does not remain constant. It falls because fewer species can survive locally."}]},{"id":"c9aab212-c033-4750-acc3-ed5ccfb49d6e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What gas is released when peat is drained or burned?","back":"Carbon dioxide.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Carbon dioxide.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat contains carbon from dead plant material. Draining exposes it to decomposition and burning releases it directly, producing carbon dioxide."},{"text":"Oxygen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Plants can release oxygen during photosynthesis, but draining or burning peat primarily releases the carbon stored in it as carbon dioxide."},{"text":"Nitrogen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Nitrogen is not the main gas released from the carbon-rich stored material in peat. Draining or burning peat releases carbon dioxide."},{"text":"Hydrogen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Hydrogen is not the relevant greenhouse gas released when peat carbon is decomposed or burned. The expected gas is carbon dioxide."}]},{"id":"04a5a5d6-ceaa-4bea-80fd-4bdfb253dd6b","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does draining or burning peat contribute to global warming?","back":"It releases stored carbon dioxide, which adds to global warming.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It releases stored carbon dioxide, which adds to global warming.","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat stores carbon accumulated from dead plants. Draining allows decomposition and burning oxidises the carbon, releasing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming."},{"text":"It absorbs stored carbon dioxide, which adds to global warming.","correct":false,"explanation":"Draining or burning peat releases rather than absorbs its stored carbon dioxide. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide strengthens the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming."},{"text":"It releases stored oxygen, which adds to global warming.","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen is not the greenhouse gas responsible here. Peat destruction releases stored carbon dioxide, whose increased atmospheric concentration contributes to global warming."},{"text":"It releases stored carbon dioxide, which reduces global warming.","correct":false,"explanation":"The gas is correctly identified, but releasing more carbon dioxide increases the greenhouse effect rather than reducing it. Therefore it contributes to global warming."}]},{"id":"62d0a0f8-dd3b-434d-8038-ef516ba6337e","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Biodiversity is the [ ] in an ecosystem or on Earth.","back":"Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species in an ecosystem or on Earth.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"variety of all the different species","correct":true,"explanation":"Biodiversity means the variety of all the different species present in an ecosystem or across Earth. It is not simply the number of individuals or habitats."},{"text":"number of individuals in one species","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes the population size of one species, not biodiversity. The missing term is variety of all the different species because biodiversity measures species variety."},{"text":"total amount of habitat","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitat amount can influence biodiversity but is not its definition. The correct term is variety of all the different species in an ecosystem or on Earth."},{"text":"range of environmental conditions","correct":false,"explanation":"Environmental conditions may determine which organisms survive, but this phrase does not define biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species."}]},{"id":"26b5ab89-36d9-4fca-99e5-719d0f6cc991","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A peat bog is a [ ] area of ground where dead plants build up as peat.","back":"A peat bog is a waterlogged area of ground where dead plants build up as peat.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"waterlogged","correct":true,"explanation":"A peat bog is waterlogged, meaning the ground is saturated with water. This limits oxygen availability and slows decay, allowing dead plants to accumulate as peat."},{"text":"waterless","correct":false,"explanation":"A peat bog is defined by being saturated with water, not lacking it. Waterlogging limits oxygen and slows decay, which allows peat to form."},{"text":"well-drained","correct":false,"explanation":"Well-drained ground contains less standing water and usually has more oxygen, so it does not provide the defining conditions for peat formation. Peat bogs are waterlogged."},{"text":"fully oxygenated","correct":false,"explanation":"Fully oxygenated ground would allow faster aerobic decomposition, reducing plant accumulation. Peat bogs are waterlogged, creating oxygen-poor conditions that slow decay."}]},{"id":"6fca2a5c-b79e-49ac-a63e-5be82469d62b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The lack of [ ] in peat bogs slows decay.","back":"The lack of oxygen in peat bogs slows decay.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"oxygen","correct":true,"explanation":"Oxygen is absent or very limited in peat bogs, so decomposing microorganisms respire less effectively. This slows decay and allows partially decomposed plant material to accumulate as peat."},{"text":"water","correct":false,"explanation":"Waterlogged conditions contribute to peat formation, but water is not the missing substance that directly limits decay. The correct answer is oxygen, which decomposers need for aerobic respiration."},{"text":"nitrogen","correct":false,"explanation":"Nitrogen is a nutrient found in ecosystems, but its absence does not explain the slow decay in peat bogs. The correct answer is oxygen, which is scarce in waterlogged peat."},{"text":"carbon dioxide","correct":false,"explanation":"Carbon dioxide is produced by aerobic decomposition rather than being the substance whose lack slows decay. The correct answer is oxygen, which decomposing organisms require for aerobic respiration."}]},{"id":"a9b2430b-bac3-4ea8-95f6-5a4559644740","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Peat is sold as [ ] for gardens.","back":"Peat is sold as compost for gardens.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"compost","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat is sold as compost because it can improve garden soil by helping retain water and providing a suitable growing medium for plants."},{"text":"pesticide","correct":false,"explanation":"Pesticides kill or control pests such as insects and fungi, so they are not used as a soil-growing medium. The correct answer is compost, which helps plants grow."},{"text":"fertiliser","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertiliser supplies mineral ions to improve plant growth, but peat is mainly used to improve the physical properties of soil. The correct answer is compost."},{"text":"herbicide","correct":false,"explanation":"Herbicides are chemicals used to kill unwanted plants, so they would damage rather than support garden growth. The correct answer is compost, used as a growing medium."}]},{"id":"ed5b6df6-a249-4f99-b10a-5f158334406b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Peat can be burned as a [ ].","back":"Peat can be burned as a fuel.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"fuel","correct":true,"explanation":"Peat contains stored chemical energy from plant material, so it can be burned as a fuel to release energy for heating or other uses."},{"text":"fertiliser","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertiliser provides mineral ions for plant growth and is not primarily burned to release energy. The correct answer is fuel, because peat releases stored chemical energy when burned."},{"text":"pesticide","correct":false,"explanation":"Pesticides are substances used to control pests and are not burned as an energy source. The correct answer is fuel, because peat combusts and releases energy."},{"text":"compost","correct":false,"explanation":"Compost is decomposed organic material used to improve soil, not a material normally burned for energy. The correct answer is fuel, because peat can be combusted."}]},{"id":"4652bdd8-2cf5-4665-829d-9b28a347b2e0","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Draining or burning peat releases stored [ ], adding to global warming.","back":"Draining or burning peat releases stored carbon dioxide, adding to global warming.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"carbon dioxide","correct":true,"explanation":"Draining exposes peat to oxygen, increasing decomposition, while burning directly oxidises its carbon. Both processes release carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming."},{"text":"oxygen","correct":false,"explanation":"Draining peat increases its exposure to oxygen, so oxygen is used during decomposition rather than released as the stored product. The correct answer is carbon dioxide."},{"text":"nitrogen","correct":false,"explanation":"Nitrogen is not the main greenhouse gas released when the carbon in peat decomposes or burns. The correct answer is carbon dioxide, formed by oxidation of stored carbon."},{"text":"water vapour","correct":false,"explanation":"Water vapour can be produced during combustion, but it is not the stored carbon product responsible for this land-use effect. The correct answer is carbon dioxide."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-11","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.3.3 Land use","title":"7.3.3 Land use Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/biology/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"e3661784-c8ee-5540-8e15-f7a34ee930d1","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]