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22:[["$","$L30",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L31",["$","$L32",null,{"href":"/gcse/biology/aqa/deforestation/flashcards","label":"7.3.4 Deforestation","subjectCode":"gcse_biology__aqa","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L33",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L34",null,{"decks":[{"id":"c66c0451-96fe-43b9-8118-b7a08437e19b","title":"7.3.4 Deforestation Flashcards","topicId":"7c02a460-8a9f-5d28-b0b4-396a6caba9ed","topicSlug":"deforestation","cards":[{"id":"472490aa-6a88-414d-9a71-d8b63a5fe134","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Why are tropical forests cleared for timber?","back":"Wood is removed and used as timber.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Wood is removed and used as timber.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tropical forests are cleared for their valuable wood, which is harvested and sold as timber for construction, furniture and other products."},{"text":"Leaves are removed and used as timber.","correct":false,"explanation":"Leaves are not the material harvested as timber. The correct answer is that wood is removed and used as timber, often for construction or furniture."},{"text":"Roots are removed and used as timber.","correct":false,"explanation":"Roots are not normally processed as timber. The correct answer is that wood is removed and used as timber because tree trunks provide suitable material."},{"text":"Fruits are removed and used as timber.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fruits may be collected from forests, but they are not timber. The correct answer is that wood is removed and used as timber."}]},{"id":"37222cf1-1789-4c6e-a986-2e400a5dea22","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Which two types of farming are named as causes of deforestation?","back":"

Cattle farming
Rice farming

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Cattle farming
Rice farming

","correct":true,"explanation":"Cattle farming requires cleared grazing land, while rice farming requires cleared fields. Both are named agricultural causes of deforestation."},{"text":"

Pig farming
Wheat farming

","correct":false,"explanation":"These farming types are not the pair named here. The correct answer is cattle farming and rice farming, both of which can require forest clearance."},{"text":"

Sheep farming
Maize farming

","correct":false,"explanation":"These are plausible land uses but do not match the specified causes. The correct pair is cattle farming and rice farming."},{"text":"

Poultry farming
Barley farming

","correct":false,"explanation":"The listed types are not the two causes required by this card. The correct answer is cattle farming and rice farming."}]},{"id":"793f5a5c-dd36-4d5e-b489-896e2da5468b","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Why are forests cleared to grow biofuel crops?","back":"The cleared land is used to grow crops for biofuels.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The cleared land is used to grow crops for biofuels.","correct":true,"explanation":"Forest is cleared so the land can be used to cultivate crops such as oil palm, which are processed into fuels intended to replace fossil fuels."},{"text":"The cleared land is used to grow crops for food.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food crops can also cause forest clearance, but this question focuses on biofuels. The correct answer is that the land grows crops for biofuels."},{"text":"The cleared land is used to grow trees for timber.","correct":false,"explanation":"Growing trees for timber is different from growing fuel crops. The correct answer is that cleared land is used to grow crops for biofuels."},{"text":"The cleared land is used to grow grass for grazing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Grass for grazing relates to cattle farming, not biofuel production. The correct answer is that the land is used to grow crops for biofuels."}]},{"id":"66ac0c5f-689d-4dfb-b812-a33bb02375db","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Where is deforestation happening quickly?","back":"In tropical areas.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In tropical areas.","correct":true,"explanation":"Deforestation is happening particularly quickly in tropical areas, where extensive forests are cleared for farming, timber and other resources."},{"text":"In polar areas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Polar areas have little forest because of their extremely cold conditions. The correct answer is tropical areas, which contain extensive forests under pressure from clearance."},{"text":"In desert areas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Deserts naturally support very few forests, so they are not the main location of rapid deforestation. The correct answer is tropical areas."},{"text":"In temperate areas.","correct":false,"explanation":"Temperate forests can be cleared, but the rapid deforestation described here occurs in tropical areas, where large forest regions are being removed."}]},{"id":"8f4e80b4-9641-4e52-a456-958efb816835","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to carbon dioxide removal when forests are cleared?","back":"Less carbon dioxide is removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Less carbon dioxide is removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise.","correct":true,"explanation":"Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Clearing forests leaves fewer trees to carry out this process, so less carbon dioxide is absorbed."},{"text":"More carbon dioxide is removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing trees reduces the total amount of photosynthesis, rather than increasing it. The correct answer is that less carbon dioxide is removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise."},{"text":"Less carbon dioxide is removed because fewer trees can respire.","correct":false,"explanation":"Respiration releases carbon dioxide, so it is not the process being reduced to remove carbon dioxide. The correct process is that fewer trees can photosynthesise."},{"text":"Less oxygen is removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise.","correct":false,"explanation":"Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. The correct answer concerns less carbon dioxide being removed because fewer trees can photosynthesise."}]},{"id":"fb334e16-b5ec-4ec9-9ac1-ac83b6ce1008","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Why does burning cleared trees increase carbon dioxide in the air?","back":"Burning the wood releases carbon dioxide.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Burning the wood releases carbon dioxide.","correct":true,"explanation":"Burning is combustion, which oxidises carbon compounds in wood and produces carbon dioxide that enters the atmosphere."},{"text":"Burning the wood absorbs carbon dioxide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Combustion releases carbon dioxide rather than absorbing it. The correct answer is that burning the wood releases carbon dioxide into the air."},{"text":"Burning the wood uses up oxygen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Burning does use oxygen, but that does not explain the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. The correct answer is that combustion releases carbon dioxide."},{"text":"Burning the wood produces nitrogen.","correct":false,"explanation":"Nitrogen production is not the relevant consequence of burning wood. The correct answer is that burning the wood releases carbon dioxide."}]},{"id":"a5535dfa-af24-47f8-933b-848cc1520c31","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does decomposing dead wood increase carbon dioxide in the air?","back":"Decomposers respire as they break down the wood, releasing carbon dioxide.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Decomposers respire as they break down the wood, releasing carbon dioxide.","correct":true,"explanation":"Decomposers obtain energy by respiring while breaking down dead wood. This respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere."},{"text":"Decomposers photosynthesise as they break down the wood, releasing carbon dioxide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and is carried out by plants and algae, not decomposers breaking down wood. The correct process is that decomposers respire."},{"text":"Decomposers ferment as they break down the wood, absorbing carbon dioxide.","correct":false,"explanation":"The key process in this explanation is aerobic respiration, which releases carbon dioxide. The correct answer is that decomposers respire as they break down wood."},{"text":"Decomposers transpire as they break down the wood, releasing carbon dioxide.","correct":false,"explanation":"Transpiration is water loss from plant surfaces, not energy release by decomposers. The correct answer is that decomposers respire and release carbon dioxide."}]},{"id":"ae34e885-a0df-45da-9a84-5672e5aad812","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does deforestation reduce biodiversity?","back":"It destroys the habitats of many forest species.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It destroys the habitats of many forest species.","correct":true,"explanation":"Clearing forest removes the places where organisms live, feed and reproduce. Losing these habitats causes populations to decline and reduces the number of species present."},{"text":"It increases the habitats of many forest species.","correct":false,"explanation":"Forest clearance removes living spaces rather than increasing them. The correct answer is that it destroys the habitats of many forest species."},{"text":"It destroys the food chains of many forest species.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food chains may be disrupted, but the direct explanation required is habitat loss. The correct answer is that deforestation destroys the habitats of many forest species."},{"text":"It protects the habitats of many forest species.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing forest cannot protect the habitats dependent on it. The correct answer is that deforestation destroys the habitats of many forest species."}]},{"id":"60a95dda-3fb1-456b-9ea6-139e50882ce0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can soil be washed away after a forest is cleared?","back":"The tree roots that held the soil in place have been removed.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The tree roots that held the soil in place have been removed.","correct":true,"explanation":"Roots bind soil particles together and help stabilise the ground. Once trees are removed, rain can wash the less-secure soil away more easily."},{"text":"The tree roots that loosened the soil have been removed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Roots generally help hold and stabilise soil rather than loosening it for erosion. The correct answer is that roots which held the soil in place have been removed."},{"text":"The tree roots that absorbed sunlight have been removed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Roots do not absorb sunlight; leaves do. The correct answer is that tree roots held the soil in place, so their removal leaves it vulnerable to washing away."},{"text":"The tree roots that made the soil waterproof have been removed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Roots do not make soil waterproof. Their important role here is binding and stabilising it, so the correct answer is that they held the soil in place."}]},{"id":"7042918b-d31b-4bd9-94e0-831dc3ea8899","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens to biodiversity when forest habitats are destroyed?","back":"Biodiversity falls.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Biodiversity falls.","correct":true,"explanation":"Destroying forest habitats removes resources and shelter needed by many species, causing populations and the overall variety of species to fall."},{"text":"Biodiversity rises.","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitat destruction usually removes species and lowers variety rather than increasing it. The correct answer is biodiversity falls."},{"text":"Biodiversity stays constant.","correct":false,"explanation":"Destroyed habitats change which species can survive, so biodiversity does not remain unchanged. The correct answer is biodiversity falls."},{"text":"Biodiversity becomes unlimited.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing habitats cannot create unlimited species variety. It reduces available resources and living space, so the correct answer is biodiversity falls."}]},{"id":"11e8e00d-f58c-4e11-b317-dc07581c7021","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What two effects of deforestation make it a serious environmental problem?","back":"

It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
It destroys habitats.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
It destroys habitats.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Deforestation is environmentally serious because it increases atmospheric carbon dioxide and removes habitats. These effects contribute to global warming and falling biodiversity."},{"text":"

It removes carbon dioxide from the air.
It creates habitats.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Both effects are reversed: burning and decomposition add carbon dioxide, while clearing destroys habitats. The correct effects are adding carbon dioxide and destroying habitats."},{"text":"

It adds oxygen to the air.
It destroys habitats.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The atmospheric gas effect is incorrectly identified. Deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the air, while the habitat destruction effect is correctly included."},{"text":"

It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
It creates habitats.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The gas effect is correct, but clearing forest removes rather than creates living spaces. The correct second effect is that it destroys habitats."}]},{"id":"b06897d2-8100-48d1-929a-1d824b082759","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which major environmental problem is linked to extra carbon dioxide from deforestation?","back":"Global warming.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Global warming.","correct":true,"explanation":"Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increasing its concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect, causing global average temperatures to rise."},{"text":"Acid rain.","correct":false,"explanation":"Acid rain is mainly associated with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, not the greenhouse effect caused by extra carbon dioxide. The correct answer is global warming."},{"text":"Ozone depletion.","correct":false,"explanation":"Ozone depletion is linked mainly to chlorofluorocarbons damaging stratospheric ozone. Extra carbon dioxide from deforestation is linked to global warming."},{"text":"Eutrophication.","correct":false,"explanation":"Eutrophication results from excess nutrients entering water, not atmospheric carbon dioxide. The major problem linked here is global warming."}]},{"id":"7aa7587b-e289-41df-8925-63ccc7006f9d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which major environmental problem is linked to habitat destruction from deforestation?","back":"Falling biodiversity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Falling biodiversity.","correct":true,"explanation":"When habitats are destroyed, fewer species can survive and reproduce successfully. This reduces the variety of organisms in the ecosystem, causing biodiversity to fall."},{"text":"Rising biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitat destruction removes species and resources rather than increasing variety. The correct environmental problem linked to it is falling biodiversity."},{"text":"Global warming.","correct":false,"explanation":"Global warming is linked mainly to increased greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Habitat destruction is linked to falling biodiversity."},{"text":"Acid rain.","correct":false,"explanation":"Acid rain is caused mainly by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. The environmental problem associated with habitat destruction is falling biodiversity."}]},{"id":"009585b9-5de8-4590-9564-4edaf2f1119c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the immediate effect on the soil when tree roots are removed?","back":"The soil becomes more vulnerable to being washed away.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The soil becomes more vulnerable to being washed away.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tree roots bind soil and help keep it in place. When they are removed, rainwater can carry the exposed soil away more easily, causing erosion."},{"text":"The soil becomes more resistant to being washed away.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing roots reduces soil stability, so erosion becomes easier rather than harder. The correct answer is that soil becomes more vulnerable to being washed away."},{"text":"The soil becomes more vulnerable to being heated up.","correct":false,"explanation":"Loss of shade can increase soil temperature, but the immediate effect tested here is erosion. The correct answer is that soil is more vulnerable to being washed away."},{"text":"The soil becomes more vulnerable to being frozen over.","correct":false,"explanation":"Tree-root removal is not primarily associated with freezing. It removes the structure holding soil together, making it more vulnerable to being washed away."}]},{"id":"2ccd1cf5-f2b0-4636-a567-37f93eee124a","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Deforestation is the large-scale removal of [ ], occurring quickly in tropical areas.","back":"Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests, occurring quickly in tropical areas.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"forests","correct":true,"explanation":"Deforestation is defined as the large-scale removal of forests. The sentence also identifies tropical areas as a location where this removal is happening quickly."},{"text":"grasslands","correct":false,"explanation":"Grasslands are open ecosystems and are not the material removed in the definition. The correct term is forests, because deforestation means large-scale forest removal."},{"text":"wetlands","correct":false,"explanation":"Wetland clearance can damage ecosystems, but it is not the definition of deforestation. The blank requires forests, the areas removed on a large scale."},{"text":"farmlands","correct":false,"explanation":"Farmland is often created after clearance, so it is a result rather than what is removed. The correct term is forests."}]},{"id":"f327f52e-400e-4989-89d7-1bb1b5434be4","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests, occurring quickly in [ ].","back":"Deforestation is the large-scale removal of forests, occurring quickly in tropical areas.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"tropical areas","correct":true,"explanation":"Rapid deforestation is especially associated with tropical areas, which contain extensive forests cleared for timber, farming and biofuel crops."},{"text":"polar regions","correct":false,"explanation":"Polar regions have very little forest because of their cold climate. The correct term is tropical areas, where rapid forest clearance is occurring."},{"text":"desert interiors","correct":false,"explanation":"Desert interiors do not contain extensive forests suitable for large-scale clearance. The correct term is tropical areas, where deforestation is happening quickly."},{"text":"temperate coastlines","correct":false,"explanation":"Temperate coastlines are not the location specified for rapid deforestation in this definition. The correct term is tropical areas."}]},{"id":"af40c787-c82f-45fa-92b9-3bdab3f1b705","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Forests are cleared to make land for [ ] and to grow crops for biofuels.","back":"Forests are cleared to make land for farming and to grow crops for biofuels.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"farming","correct":true,"explanation":"Farming requires large areas of land for crops and livestock, so forests are often cleared to create agricultural land."},{"text":"housing","correct":false,"explanation":"Housing can cause deforestation, but this flashcard identifies farming as the specific major land-use change. Forests are cleared to make land for farming and to grow crops for biofuels."},{"text":"mining","correct":false,"explanation":"Mining may remove forest, but it is not the land use identified here. The correct term is farming, because forests are cleared to create agricultural land."},{"text":"tourism","correct":false,"explanation":"Tourism can damage forest habitats but does not fit the stated main reason. The correct answer is farming, which needs cleared land for crops or livestock."}]},{"id":"17aa1d40-09aa-4257-9e11-bcfb89a0869b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Forests are cleared to make land for farming and to grow crops for [ ].","back":"Forests are cleared to make land for farming and to grow crops for biofuels.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"biofuels","correct":true,"explanation":"Some forests are cleared so crops such as oil palms can be grown and processed into biofuels, providing an alternative fuel source."},{"text":"fertilisers","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertilisers are added to soil to improve crop growth, rather than being crops grown on cleared land. The correct answer is biofuels, which can be produced from crops."},{"text":"pesticides","correct":false,"explanation":"Pesticides protect crops from pests but are not crops themselves. Forests are cleared to grow crops for biofuels, which can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels."},{"text":"medicines","correct":false,"explanation":"Medicines may be developed from plant chemicals, but this is not the specific reason given. The correct term is biofuels, made by processing suitable crops."}]},{"id":"dbe90ed2-1ca3-4978-beb0-5e6d913d5c47","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Deforestation raises carbon dioxide because fewer trees [ ], while burning and decomposing wood cause more carbon dioxide to be released.","back":"Deforestation raises carbon dioxide because fewer trees photosynthesise, while burning and decomposing wood cause more carbon dioxide to be released.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"photosynthesise","correct":true,"explanation":"Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. When deforestation reduces the number of trees, less carbon dioxide is absorbed, so its atmospheric concentration rises."},{"text":"respire","correct":false,"explanation":"Trees do respire and release carbon dioxide, but fewer trees respiring would reduce this source. The correct answer is photosynthesise, because photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the air."},{"text":"germinate","correct":false,"explanation":"Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow and does not directly remove carbon dioxide. The correct answer is photosynthesise, which absorbs carbon dioxide."},{"text":"transpire","correct":false,"explanation":"Transpiration is water loss from leaves and has no direct role in absorbing carbon dioxide. The correct answer is photosynthesise, which takes carbon dioxide into the plant."}]},{"id":"41a942a3-5afa-4de0-b69a-4e4e38b69d98","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Deforestation raises carbon dioxide because fewer trees photosynthesise, while burning and decomposing wood cause more carbon dioxide to be [ ].","back":"Deforestation raises carbon dioxide because fewer trees photosynthesise, while burning and decomposing wood cause more carbon dioxide to be released.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"released","correct":true,"explanation":"Burning wood releases carbon dioxide directly, while decomposers release it during respiration as they break down dead wood."},{"text":"absorbed","correct":false,"explanation":"Wood does not absorb carbon dioxide when it burns or decomposes. These processes release carbon dioxide, so released is the correct term."},{"text":"converted","correct":false,"explanation":"Decomposing wood is not described as converting carbon dioxide in this explanation. Burning and decomposition cause carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere."},{"text":"stored","correct":false,"explanation":"Carbon can be stored in living wood, but burning and decomposition reduce that storage and release carbon dioxide. Therefore, released is the correct answer."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-11","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.3.4 Deforestation","title":"7.3.4 Deforestation Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/biology/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L35"}]}],"topicId":"7c02a460-8a9f-5d28-b0b4-396a6caba9ed","walled":"$L36"}],"$L37","$L38"]