What term describes the unique macromolecules on the outer surface of a pathogen that are recognized by the host's immune system as non-self?
Tick (✓\checkmark✓) one box.
The human body has non-specific physical and chemical defences to prevent pathogens from successfully entering or colonising tissues. Draw a line from each defence to the body part or secretion that provides it.
Complete the sentence by choosing the correct word from the options: benign, malignant, metastatic.
"A tumour that is cancerous, lacks a protective surrounding membrane, and is capable of invading surrounding healthy tissues is described as a ____________ tumour."
Non-cancerous tumours are described as benign. Which two statements describe benign tumours?
Tick (✓\checkmark✓) two boxes.
Rubella is an infectious disease caused by a virus. In 2014, a major public health campaign was launched to increase vaccine uptake among children. Public health scientists monitored the rate of confirmed rubella infections per 100,000 citizens over the subsequent years.
Table 1 shows the recorded data.
| Year | Confirmed rubella cases (per 100,000 residents) |
|---|---|
| 2013 | 58.4 |
| 2015 | 18.2 |
| 2017 | 4.1 |
| 2019 | 0.5 |
What does Table 1 show about the rate of confirmed rubella cases from 2013 to 2019?
Suggest a reason for the trend you described in Question 5.
Which specific type of white blood cell is responsible for producing antibodies in response to vaccination?
Tick (✓\checkmark✓) one box.
Suggest one reason, other than physical discomfort from the injection, why some parents might decide against vaccinating their child with the rubella vaccine.
Practise AQA GCSE Biology Communicable diseases with exam-style questions for Foundation and Higher tier. 37 questions covering Communicable (infectious) diseases, Viral diseases, Bacterial diseases, Fungal diseases, Protist diseases, Human defence systems, Vaccination, Antibiotics and painkillers, and Discovery and development of drugs, matched to the AQA GCSE Biology (8461) specification and written in Paper 1 and Paper 2 style. Every question includes a full worked solution and mark scheme, so you can see where marks are awarded rather than just whether you got the answer right.