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Many different species therefore indicate high biodiversity."},{"text":"Low biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the definition of biodiversity. Low biodiversity describes a habitat containing few different species, whereas many species indicate high biodiversity."},{"text":"No biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"No biodiversity would mean no variety of species at all. A habitat with many species has high biodiversity, not an absence of biodiversity."},{"text":"Reduced biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reduced biodiversity means species variety has fallen from an earlier level. The stated presence of many species describes high biodiversity."}]},{"id":"d728ddae-3cd1-40e5-aec5-42f440cf43ae","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does a habitat with few different species have?","back":"Low biodiversity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Low biodiversity.","correct":true,"explanation":"Low biodiversity means that only a small number of different species live in a habitat."},{"text":"High biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the meaning of the term. High biodiversity requires many different species, while few species indicate low biodiversity."},{"text":"Maximum biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Maximum biodiversity would describe an exceptionally wide variety of species. A habitat with few species instead has low biodiversity."},{"text":"Increasing biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Increasing biodiversity describes a change over time, not the present condition stated. Few different species means the habitat has low biodiversity."}]},{"id":"a7504683-3316-4f64-b88a-e91f6be03829","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which has higher biodiversity: a tropical rainforest or a car park?","back":"A tropical rainforest.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A tropical rainforest.","correct":true,"explanation":"Tropical rainforests contain many habitats, plants, animals and microorganisms, so they support far more species than a car park."},{"text":"A car park.","correct":false,"explanation":"A car park has little vegetation, few habitats and frequent disturbance. A tropical rainforest supports a much larger variety of species."},{"text":"Both have equal biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"This overlooks how habitat complexity affects species variety. The many niches in a tropical rainforest support far more species than a car park."},{"text":"Neither has any biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Both places may contain some organisms, but their biodiversity is not equal. A tropical rainforest has substantially higher biodiversity than a car park."}]},{"id":"c24d28ec-5bb7-477e-a2de-c24d487a50ff","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why do species in an ecosystem depend on one another?","back":"They depend on one another for food, shelter and environmental balance.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They depend on one another for food, shelter and environmental balance.","correct":true,"explanation":"Species form food webs and can provide habitats or regulate populations. These interactions help maintain environmental balance within the ecosystem."},{"text":"They depend on one another for competition, predation and extinction.","correct":false,"explanation":"Competition and predation are interactions, but extinction is not a resource species depend upon. Species rely on each other for food, shelter and environmental balance."},{"text":"They depend on one another for sunlight, rainfall and temperature.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sunlight, rainfall and temperature are abiotic environmental factors, not things supplied by other species. Species depend on one another for food, shelter and balance."},{"text":"They depend on one another for migration, mutation and evolution.","correct":false,"explanation":"Migration, mutation and evolution are biological processes rather than resources exchanged between species. Food, shelter and environmental balance explain interdependence."}]},{"id":"8adc9e0b-3bfa-4381-bd4a-0417a7007956","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does high biodiversity reduce dependence between species?","back":"It means species are less dependent on any single other species.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It means species are less dependent on any single other species.","correct":true,"explanation":"A species-rich ecosystem often has alternative food sources and interactions. Losing one species is therefore less likely to disrupt every dependent species."},{"text":"It means species are less dependent on all other species.","correct":false,"explanation":"High biodiversity does not remove interdependence completely. It reduces reliance on any one particular species because alternatives may be available."},{"text":"It means species are more dependent on any single other species.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the stabilising effect of biodiversity. More species provide alternative relationships, reducing dependence on any single other species."},{"text":"It means species are more dependent on non-living factors.","correct":false,"explanation":"Organisms always need non-living conditions, but high biodiversity concerns alternative living-species relationships. It makes species less dependent on any single other species."}]},{"id":"33e48354-1721-4168-bd56-7979de581b89","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does high biodiversity make an ecosystem more stable?","back":"Less dependence on one species means the ecosystem copes better if that species declines.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Less dependence on one species means the ecosystem copes better if that species declines.","correct":true,"explanation":"With many species present, alternatives can partly replace a declining species in food webs and habitats, helping the ecosystem remain stable."},{"text":"Greater dependence on one species means the ecosystem copes better if that species declines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Greater dependence makes loss of that species more damaging, not less. Stability increases when organisms are less dependent on one species."},{"text":"Fewer species in one habitat means the ecosystem copes better if that species declines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fewer species provide fewer alternative food sources and roles. High biodiversity improves stability because there is less dependence on one species."},{"text":"More competition for one species means the ecosystem copes better if that species declines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Competition does not provide replacement roles after a species declines. Greater stability comes from less dependence on one species within a diverse ecosystem."}]},{"id":"010f121e-43af-4c6b-9a6d-ebb7d5834e29","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What happens to ecosystem stability when one species declines in a high-biodiversity ecosystem?","back":"The ecosystem is more likely to cope with the decline.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The ecosystem is more likely to cope with the decline.","correct":true,"explanation":"High biodiversity provides alternative species that can fulfil similar roles. This makes the food web and ecosystem more resilient to a decline."},{"text":"The ecosystem is more likely to collapse immediately.","correct":false,"explanation":"Immediate collapse is more likely where organisms depend heavily on one species. High biodiversity supplies alternatives, so the ecosystem can better cope with decline."},{"text":"The ecosystem is more likely to lose all producers.","correct":false,"explanation":"A decline in one species does not necessarily remove all producers, especially in a diverse ecosystem. High biodiversity makes the ecosystem more likely to cope."},{"text":"The ecosystem is more likely to stop all competition.","correct":false,"explanation":"Competition can continue among surviving organisms after one species declines. The key effect of high biodiversity is that the ecosystem can better cope."}]},{"id":"505e0416-6298-4660-8cf7-4885566219f0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What two human trends increase resource use and waste production?","back":"A rapidly growing human population and a rising standard of living.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A rapidly growing human population and a rising standard of living.","correct":true,"explanation":"More people require more food, water, energy and materials. Higher living standards also increase consumption, causing greater resource use and waste production."},{"text":"A declining human population and a falling standard of living.","correct":false,"explanation":"Both trends would generally reduce consumption and waste. Resource use rises when the human population grows and standards of living increase."},{"text":"A rapidly growing plant population and a rising rainfall level.","correct":false,"explanation":"Plant populations and rainfall can affect ecosystems but are not the two human trends driving increased consumption. Human population growth and rising living standards do."},{"text":"A falling birth rate and a rising death rate.","correct":false,"explanation":"A falling birth rate and rising death rate tend to slow population growth. Increased resource use is linked to a rapidly growing human population and rising living standards."}]},{"id":"303cb903-0c14-492a-9293-fe1e8de49144","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What is the effect of increased resource use?","back":"More waste is produced.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"More waste is produced.","correct":true,"explanation":"Using more resources creates more discarded materials and by-products. Increased consumption therefore leads to increased waste production."},{"text":"Less waste is produced.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses reduced resource use with increased resource use. Processing and consuming more materials usually produces more waste."},{"text":"More oxygen is produced.","correct":false,"explanation":"Oxygen production depends mainly on photosynthesis, not simply on human resource consumption. The direct effect of increased resource use is more waste."},{"text":"Less pollution is produced.","correct":false,"explanation":"Without effective waste management, producing more waste can increase pollution rather than reduce it. Increased resource use directly produces more waste."}]},{"id":"33c86d9a-14dc-4981-8572-e0d4d2e1c005","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How can improperly handled waste and chemicals reduce biodiversity?","back":"They cause more pollution, which reduces biodiversity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They cause more pollution, which reduces biodiversity.","correct":true,"explanation":"Poorly managed waste and chemicals can contaminate air, water and soil. Pollution harms organisms and habitats, reducing the variety of species."},{"text":"They cause more photosynthesis, which reduces biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Photosynthesis makes food in plants and is not caused by improperly handled waste. Pollution from waste and chemicals is what can reduce biodiversity."},{"text":"They cause more pollination, which reduces biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Pollination is the transfer of pollen and usually supports plant reproduction. Waste and chemicals reduce biodiversity by causing pollution instead."},{"text":"They cause more decomposition, which reduces biodiversity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Decomposition recycles nutrients and is a normal ecosystem process. Improperly handled chemicals and waste reduce biodiversity through pollution."}]},{"id":"2f8190bb-1f00-471c-a053-2d3371d649b4","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is biodiversity more than just the number of animals?","back":"It is the variety of all species, including plants and microorganisms.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It is the variety of all species, including plants and microorganisms.","correct":true,"explanation":"Biodiversity includes every type of organism in an area, not just animals. Plants, microorganisms and animals all contribute to species variety."},{"text":"It is the variety of animal species, including plants and microorganisms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Plants and microorganisms are not animal species, so this mixes biological groups. Biodiversity is the variety of all species."},{"text":"It is the population size of all species, including plants and microorganisms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Population size counts individuals, whereas biodiversity concerns the range of different species. It includes all species, such as plants and microorganisms."},{"text":"It is the variety of habitats only, including plants and microorganisms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitat variety can influence biodiversity, but it is not the definition. Biodiversity means the variety of all species, including plants and microorganisms."}]},{"id":"ba4123be-bd61-4614-9ad1-e032ac90a40f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which groups of organisms are included in biodiversity besides animals?","back":"Plants and microorganisms.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Plants and microorganisms.","correct":true,"explanation":"Biodiversity includes all species, so plants and microorganisms are included alongside animals in the variety of life within an ecosystem."},{"text":"Rocks and minerals.","correct":false,"explanation":"Rocks and minerals are non-living abiotic components, not organisms. Plants and microorganisms are living groups included in biodiversity besides animals."},{"text":"Air and water.","correct":false,"explanation":"Air and water are essential abiotic factors but are not groups of organisms. Biodiversity includes plants and microorganisms as well as animals."},{"text":"Fungi and soil.","correct":false,"explanation":"Fungi are organisms, but soil is not an organism group, making this pair unsuitable. The stated groups are plants and microorganisms."}]},{"id":"7ce1812e-ecf2-43cf-bfa2-cdf9673bf2ab","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Name two resources humans depend on other species for.","back":"Any two: food, clean air, water, materials or medicines.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Any two: food, clean air, water, materials or medicines.","correct":true,"explanation":"Humans rely on other species for resources such as food, medicines and raw materials. Ecosystems also support clean air and water supplies."},{"text":"Any two: heat, sunlight, rocks, metals or soil.","correct":false,"explanation":"These are mainly abiotic resources rather than resources supplied by other species. Humans depend on other species for food, clean air, water, materials and medicines."},{"text":"Any two: gravity, wind, rainfall, space or light.","correct":false,"explanation":"These are physical conditions or non-living factors, not products or services provided by other species. Food, clean air, water, materials and medicines are relevant."},{"text":"Any two: plastic, concrete, glass, steel or petrol.","correct":false,"explanation":"These are manufactured materials or fossil fuels, not resources humans obtain from other living species. Biodiversity provides food, clean air, water, materials and medicines."}]},{"id":"41a2e760-d1ff-4617-afb9-e0a0921a3334","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does the future of humans depend on maintaining biodiversity?","back":"Humans depend on other species for essential resources, including food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Humans depend on other species for essential resources, including food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","correct":true,"explanation":"Other species provide food, medicines and materials, while ecosystems help maintain clean air and water. Maintaining biodiversity protects these essential human resources."},{"text":"Humans depend on other species for recreation only, including food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food, water, medicines and materials are necessary for survival, not recreation only. Humans depend on biodiversity for essential resources."},{"text":"Humans depend on other species for non-essential resources, including food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Food, clean air and water are essential to human life. The future of humans depends on biodiversity because it supplies essential resources."},{"text":"Humans depend on other species for unlimited resources, including food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","correct":false,"explanation":"Resources supplied by ecosystems can be depleted or damaged, so they are not unlimited. Biodiversity provides essential resources that humans must maintain."}]},{"id":"9649ecd1-1c9c-44d5-b5c3-6453cd318923","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Biodiversity is the variety of all the different [ ] of organisms in an ecosystem or on Earth.","back":"Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species of organisms in an ecosystem or on Earth.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"species","correct":true,"explanation":"Biodiversity is defined as the variety of different species of organisms in an ecosystem or across Earth."},{"text":"populations","correct":false,"explanation":"A population is members of one species living in an area, so it does not capture variety between kinds of organism. Biodiversity means variety of species."},{"text":"habitats","correct":false,"explanation":"Habitats are places where organisms live, and habitat diversity can affect biodiversity. The definition specifically refers to the variety of species."},{"text":"individuals","correct":false,"explanation":"Individuals are single organisms, so counting them measures abundance rather than variety. Biodiversity describes the variety of different species."}]},{"id":"2a5be217-e35b-4680-8d04-7e69000f5259","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The more species an ecosystem has, the less it depends on any one of them, making it more [ ].","back":"The more species an ecosystem has, the less it depends on any one of them, making it more stable.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"stable","correct":true,"explanation":"Many species can provide alternative food sources and ecological roles. This reduces dependence on one species and makes the ecosystem more stable."},{"text":"unstable","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the effect of having alternatives in a diverse ecosystem. Less dependence on any one species makes the ecosystem more stable."},{"text":"competitive","correct":false,"explanation":"Competition may occur in ecosystems with any biodiversity level, but it does not complete the cause-and-effect statement. Less dependence makes the ecosystem more stable."},{"text":"productive","correct":false,"explanation":"Productivity concerns how much biomass or energy an ecosystem produces. The stated reduction in dependence on one species makes it more stable."}]},{"id":"3281ff1c-dfa2-4dd0-a8f8-3a9878871c3b","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A growing human population and rising standard of living lead to more resources being used and more [ ] being produced.","back":"A growing human population and rising standard of living lead to more resources being used and more waste being produced.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"waste","correct":true,"explanation":"Greater consumption produces more unwanted material that must be discarded or treated. This increase in waste can damage habitats and reduce biodiversity if it is not managed properly."},{"text":"oxygen","correct":false,"explanation":"Population growth does not directly create more oxygen; plants and algae are the main producers of it. The correct answer is waste, which increases as resource use and consumption rise."},{"text":"biodiversity","correct":false,"explanation":"Biodiversity describes the variety of living organisms, rather than a material produced by human activity. The correct answer is waste, because increased consumption creates more unwanted materials."},{"text":"fertilisers","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertilisers are chemicals added to soil to improve plant growth, so they are not the general product of rising resource use. The correct answer is waste, produced by greater consumption."}]},{"id":"f671ad53-5c16-47d6-a06a-dd9fb2d4cc5d","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Unless waste and its chemicals are handled properly, they cause more [ ], reducing biodiversity.","back":"Unless waste and its chemicals are handled properly, they cause more pollution, reducing biodiversity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"pollution","correct":true,"explanation":"Uncontrolled waste releases harmful substances into air, water or soil. These chemicals contaminate ecosystems, disrupt organisms and reduce the variety of species living there."},{"text":"recycling","correct":false,"explanation":"Recycling processes materials for reuse and can reduce environmental damage, rather than causing it. The correct answer is pollution, which occurs when waste chemicals contaminate ecosystems."},{"text":"conservation","correct":false,"explanation":"Conservation protects habitats and species, so it helps maintain biodiversity instead of reducing it. The correct answer is pollution, caused when waste and its chemicals are not handled safely."},{"text":"competition","correct":false,"explanation":"Competition is a natural interaction where organisms compete for limited resources, not a chemical effect of mismanaged waste. The correct answer is pollution, which harms ecosystems and lowers biodiversity."}]},{"id":"b03790fd-3628-421b-93b8-127eb8e18a12","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Humans depend on other species for food, clean air and water, materials and [ ].","back":"Humans depend on other species for food, clean air and water, materials and medicines.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"medicines","correct":true,"explanation":"Many useful drugs originate from organisms, including plants, fungi and microorganisms. This makes species diversity valuable because losing species may also mean losing potential treatments."},{"text":"fertilisers","correct":false,"explanation":"Fertilisers provide mineral ions to improve crop growth and are manufactured or processed for agriculture. The correct answer is medicines, many of which are developed from substances found in other species."},{"text":"pesticides","correct":false,"explanation":"Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests, and they can sometimes harm non-target organisms. The correct answer is medicines, which humans can obtain from compounds produced by other species."},{"text":"antibodies","correct":false,"explanation":"Antibodies are proteins made by immune cells to recognise specific antigens, rather than a general resource obtained from other species. The correct answer is medicines derived from living organisms."}]},{"id":"6c3b8592-718f-4361-b2e9-77735a596574","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A tropical rainforest has very high biodiversity, whereas a [ ] has almost none.","back":"A tropical rainforest has very high biodiversity, whereas a car park has almost none.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"car park","correct":true,"explanation":"A car park is a largely artificial, paved environment with little space, shelter or food for wild organisms. Consequently, it supports very few species compared with a rainforest."},{"text":"coral reef","correct":false,"explanation":"Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse ecosystems, supporting many fish, invertebrates, algae and microorganisms. The correct answer is car park, which provides very limited habitat for wildlife."},{"text":"deciduous woodland","correct":false,"explanation":"Deciduous woodland contains many trees, plants, fungi and animals, so it has substantial biodiversity despite seasonal changes. The correct answer is car park, with almost no suitable habitat."},{"text":"wetland","correct":false,"explanation":"Wetlands support diverse communities because their water, vegetation and muddy habitats provide food and breeding sites. The correct answer is car park, where paving leaves little room for species."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-11","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"7.3.1 Biodiversity","title":"7.3.1 Biodiversity Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/gcse/biology/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L36"}]}],"topicId":"b53047d7-b0f4-55d6-9898-21b70cbd6aaf","walled":"$L37"}],"$L38","$L39"]