34:I[196793,["/_next/static/chunks/057q44qw6_5uu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/313vt9_f08mnn.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_6olli-sutu3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/02eggfg7vwd9q.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0tzbwbomzrnqw.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/14trqrdc9kqx-.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2lsi6eli88uwt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ihhz2u0kvoai.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11md10s8bxc41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1j5h__1z96nq5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/38w1x0vrld4-w.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0myxz4gywm9of.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_v9g5x0fx29m.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3z1ylg82-_yrl.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/230359bhbwn7h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11kq2otno6-oj.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3v26kz_8xjyfu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10j6l_dhgof6p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3_4bswc9ng3be.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3adfywl6-8_k3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/21l8cb-spx64y.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40cqw2xvsic28.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2tas4cdfhcka2.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2p5xv3ji4tpih.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2a2ryz-j6u084.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/34kka7--tjqdq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10tjkstq_5xfm.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3it1o0ex-l5qz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0i8v_bvzchj31.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1qmk7x_kcz83j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1u3eptdza7lch.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2e31ygy8ebm1u.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1w193fj-lcfgs.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3lm048uldjetf.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ibs-m0_upaf_.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/00k10pkv-tsak.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/12rdo7yi_xy67.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mo9ebbh204wz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3esn6hsp0zi2j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/05c0se-tq2ipz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40mvjd0jr_7d7.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/27v_78eh3l1dt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3l0sm7fu8c2ni.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1hgfhws62t1s5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2-1ciy1x4js7n.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0g1nv87sz_mxq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/30u3fsn115_1j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1vjwc_dfj8v1b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3r8bletse_1-h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/32s6q_rspd3hd.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709"],"Gingerbread"] 36:I[647935,["/_next/static/chunks/057q44qw6_5uu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/313vt9_f08mnn.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_6olli-sutu3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/02eggfg7vwd9q.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0tzbwbomzrnqw.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/14trqrdc9kqx-.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2lsi6eli88uwt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ihhz2u0kvoai.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11md10s8bxc41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1j5h__1z96nq5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/38w1x0vrld4-w.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0myxz4gywm9of.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_v9g5x0fx29m.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3z1ylg82-_yrl.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/230359bhbwn7h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11kq2otno6-oj.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3v26kz_8xjyfu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10j6l_dhgof6p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3_4bswc9ng3be.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3adfywl6-8_k3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/21l8cb-spx64y.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40cqw2xvsic28.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2tas4cdfhcka2.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2p5xv3ji4tpih.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2a2ryz-j6u084.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/34kka7--tjqdq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10tjkstq_5xfm.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3it1o0ex-l5qz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0i8v_bvzchj31.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1qmk7x_kcz83j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1u3eptdza7lch.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2e31ygy8ebm1u.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1w193fj-lcfgs.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3lm048uldjetf.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ibs-m0_upaf_.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/00k10pkv-tsak.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/12rdo7yi_xy67.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mo9ebbh204wz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3esn6hsp0zi2j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/05c0se-tq2ipz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40mvjd0jr_7d7.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/27v_78eh3l1dt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3l0sm7fu8c2ni.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1hgfhws62t1s5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2-1ciy1x4js7n.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0g1nv87sz_mxq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/30u3fsn115_1j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1vjwc_dfj8v1b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3r8bletse_1-h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/32s6q_rspd3hd.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709"],"RecordResourceResume"] 37:I[830476,["/_next/static/chunks/057q44qw6_5uu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/313vt9_f08mnn.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_6olli-sutu3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/02eggfg7vwd9q.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0tzbwbomzrnqw.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/14trqrdc9kqx-.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2lsi6eli88uwt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ihhz2u0kvoai.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11md10s8bxc41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1j5h__1z96nq5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/38w1x0vrld4-w.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0myxz4gywm9of.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_v9g5x0fx29m.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3z1ylg82-_yrl.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/230359bhbwn7h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11kq2otno6-oj.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3v26kz_8xjyfu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10j6l_dhgof6p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3_4bswc9ng3be.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3adfywl6-8_k3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/21l8cb-spx64y.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40cqw2xvsic28.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2tas4cdfhcka2.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2p5xv3ji4tpih.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2a2ryz-j6u084.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/34kka7--tjqdq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10tjkstq_5xfm.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3it1o0ex-l5qz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0i8v_bvzchj31.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1qmk7x_kcz83j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1u3eptdza7lch.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2e31ygy8ebm1u.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1w193fj-lcfgs.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3lm048uldjetf.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ibs-m0_upaf_.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/00k10pkv-tsak.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/12rdo7yi_xy67.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mo9ebbh204wz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3esn6hsp0zi2j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/05c0se-tq2ipz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40mvjd0jr_7d7.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/27v_78eh3l1dt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3l0sm7fu8c2ni.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1hgfhws62t1s5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2-1ciy1x4js7n.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0g1nv87sz_mxq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/30u3fsn115_1j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1vjwc_dfj8v1b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3r8bletse_1-h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/32s6q_rspd3hd.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709"],"FlashcardAccessBranch"] 38:I[315438,["/_next/static/chunks/057q44qw6_5uu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/313vt9_f08mnn.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_6olli-sutu3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/02eggfg7vwd9q.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0tzbwbomzrnqw.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/14trqrdc9kqx-.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2lsi6eli88uwt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ihhz2u0kvoai.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zkcxwtbsqliz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11md10s8bxc41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1j5h__1z96nq5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/38w1x0vrld4-w.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0myxz4gywm9of.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2_v9g5x0fx29m.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3z1ylg82-_yrl.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/230359bhbwn7h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ml3vooxhiupb.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/11kq2otno6-oj.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3v26kz_8xjyfu.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/04zr-wqafvwoa.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10j6l_dhgof6p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mv9l1xl_aa4j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3_4bswc9ng3be.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3adfywl6-8_k3.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/21l8cb-spx64y.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0v4byuex1x38h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40cqw2xvsic28.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2dx-vzwyw9a3g.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0llqhg6-bxn_b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2tas4cdfhcka2.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2p5xv3ji4tpih.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ku-vdy4ggo41.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2a2ryz-j6u084.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/34kka7--tjqdq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0k-y_4mcfub-p.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/10tjkstq_5xfm.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3it1o0ex-l5qz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0i8v_bvzchj31.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1qmk7x_kcz83j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1u3eptdza7lch.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2e31ygy8ebm1u.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1w193fj-lcfgs.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3lm048uldjetf.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3ibs-m0_upaf_.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/00k10pkv-tsak.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/12rdo7yi_xy67.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2mo9ebbh204wz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3esn6hsp0zi2j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/05c0se-tq2ipz.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/40mvjd0jr_7d7.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/27v_78eh3l1dt.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3l0sm7fu8c2ni.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1hgfhws62t1s5.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/2-1ciy1x4js7n.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0zg1om_k0m5zv.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/0g1nv87sz_mxq.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/30u3fsn115_1j.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1vjwc_dfj8v1b.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/3r8bletse_1-h.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/1ksyn9m68446d.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709","/_next/static/chunks/32s6q_rspd3hd.js?dpl=nogit-1792226709"],"TopicFlashcardRunner"] 25:[["$","$L34",null,{"feature":"flashcards"}],"$L35",["$","$L36",null,{"href":"/as-level/psychology/ocr/as-blakemore-and-cooper-1970-impact-of-early-visual-experience/flashcards","label":"Blakemore and Cooper (1970): Impact of early visual experience","subjectCode":"as_level_psychology__ocr","surface":"flashcards"}],["$","$L37",null,{"runner":["$","div",null,{"className":"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden bg-background","children":["$","$L38",null,{"decks":[{"id":"62e2c39d-93e4-4c72-b7b5-eea802f4cdd7","title":"Blakemore and Cooper (1970): Impact of early visual experience Flashcards","topicId":"5ed6792b-50ff-5883-805e-860f2030a956","topicSlug":"as-blakemore-and-cooper-1970-impact-of-early-visual-experience","cards":[{"id":"1abaa220-65cf-436b-9ca9-c8abc8534f25","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Brain plasticity is the brain’s ability to change its [ ] as a result of experience, development, learning or damage.","back":"Brain plasticity is the brain’s ability to change its structure or function as a result of experience, development, learning or damage.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"structure or function","correct":true,"explanation":"Brain plasticity involves lasting alterations to the brain’s physical organisation or how its neural systems operate, arising through experience, development, learning or damage."},{"text":"size or weight","correct":false,"explanation":"Brain growth can alter size or weight, but these changes do not define plasticity. The correct term is structure or function, covering neural reorganisation and altered activity."},{"text":"location or colour","correct":false,"explanation":"Location and colour are not the defining features changed through brain plasticity. Plasticity refers to changes in structure or function caused by experience, development, learning or damage."},{"text":"speed or temperature","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses plasticity with temporary physiological variation. Brain plasticity specifically means that the brain can change its structure or function in response to experience or damage."}]},{"id":"1484fd5c-26d7-4734-b569-f224e4cfe34e","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which brain area processes edges, movement, shape and orientation?","back":"The visual cortex.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The visual cortex.","correct":true,"explanation":"The visual cortex receives and processes visual information, with specialised neurons responding to features such as edges, movement, shape and the orientation of lines."},{"text":"The auditory cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"The auditory cortex processes sound rather than visual features. Edges, movement, shape and orientation are processed by specialised neurons in the visual cortex."},{"text":"The motor cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"The motor cortex controls voluntary movement rather than analysing visual patterns. The visual cortex processes features including edges, movement, shape and orientation."},{"text":"The somatosensory cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"The somatosensory cortex processes bodily sensations such as touch and pressure. Visual features including edges and line orientation are processed in the visual cortex."}]},{"id":"b0264bfe-41de-4ee0-85b7-a4104cff7846","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the [ ] fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular [ ].","back":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the visual cortex fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular angle.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the visual cortex fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular angle.","correct":true,"explanation":"Orientation-sensitive neurons are located in the visual cortex, and each responds most strongly when an edge or line is presented at its preferred angle."},{"text":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the retina fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular angle.","correct":false,"explanation":"The retina detects and begins processing light, but the orientation-sensitive neurons investigated here are in the visual cortex. Each fires most strongly at a particular angle."},{"text":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the visual cortex fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular brightness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Brightness concerns light intensity rather than orientation. An orientation-sensitive neuron in the visual cortex responds most strongly to an edge or line at a particular angle."},{"text":"An orientation-sensitive neuron in the optic nerve fires most strongly to an edge or line at a particular wavelength.","correct":false,"explanation":"The optic nerve carries signals and wavelength relates to colour, so neither fill describes orientation sensitivity. The neuron is in the visual cortex and prefers a particular angle."}]},{"id":"5f0221fe-396c-4ee2-8ce4-d1436ecad0ec","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What was Blakemore and Cooper’s main aim?","back":"To test whether early visual experience affects visual cortex development and later perception.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To test whether early visual experience affects visual cortex development and later perception.","correct":true,"explanation":"Blakemore and Cooper investigated whether exposure to only one line orientation during early life would shape visual cortex development and affect subsequent visual perception."},{"text":"To test whether adult visual experience affects retinal development and later perception.","correct":false,"explanation":"The study focused on restricted experience during early development, not adulthood, and examined the visual cortex rather than retinal development. Its aim concerned later visual perception."},{"text":"To test whether early auditory experience affects auditory cortex development and later hearing.","correct":false,"explanation":"This substitutes auditory development for the study’s visual focus. The researchers tested whether early visual experience affects visual cortex development and later perception."},{"text":"To test whether later visual training improves visual cortex development and depth perception.","correct":false,"explanation":"The study did not investigate improvement through later training or specifically test depth perception. It examined how restricted early visual experience affects cortical development and later perception."}]},{"id":"86f93c71-cd79-4a11-a584-f49f0b908d41","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What was the IV in Blakemore and Cooper’s experiment?","back":"The visual environment: vertical vs horizontal stripes.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The visual environment: vertical vs horizontal stripes.","correct":true,"explanation":"The researchers manipulated the kittens’ visual environment by rearing them with either vertical or horizontal stripes, making stripe orientation the independent variable."},{"text":"The neural response: strong vs weak firing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Neural firing was measured as an outcome, so it was part of the dependent variable rather than the manipulation. The IV was the visual environment: vertical versus horizontal stripes."},{"text":"The behavioural response: accurate vs inaccurate movement.","correct":false,"explanation":"The kittens’ visually guided behaviour was observed as an effect of rearing, not manipulated. The independent variable was exposure to vertical versus horizontal striped environments."},{"text":"The testing environment: light vs dark conditions.","correct":false,"explanation":"Light and dark testing conditions were not the manipulated comparison. The researchers varied the visual rearing environment by exposing kittens to vertical or horizontal stripes."}]},{"id":"ce2f8752-9d86-4fac-85b6-8f7b368af971","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What type of experiment was Blakemore and Cooper’s study?","back":"A laboratory experiment.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A laboratory experiment.","correct":true,"explanation":"The researchers manipulated stripe orientation under highly controlled conditions and measured its effects on behaviour and visual cortex neurons, making this a laboratory experiment."},{"text":"A field experiment.","correct":false,"explanation":"A field experiment manipulates a variable in a natural setting. These kittens were reared and tested under controlled, artificial conditions, so this was a laboratory experiment."},{"text":"A natural experiment.","correct":false,"explanation":"In a natural experiment, the independent variable occurs without researcher manipulation. Blakemore and Cooper deliberately controlled stripe orientation, making the study a laboratory experiment."},{"text":"A quasi-experiment.","correct":false,"explanation":"A quasi-experiment uses a naturally occurring participant difference as its independent variable. Here, researchers directly manipulated the kittens’ visual environment in a laboratory experiment."}]},{"id":"4b81ba09-49d0-4f82-ad18-55a3c28235eb","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What visual patterns were inside the rearing cylinders?","back":"Only vertical or only horizontal black-and-white stripes.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Only vertical or only horizontal black-and-white stripes.","correct":true,"explanation":"Each cylinder contained black-and-white stripes of only one orientation, either vertical or horizontal, restricting each kitten’s early visual experience to that pattern."},{"text":"Only diagonal or only curved black-and-white stripes.","correct":false,"explanation":"The experiment did not compare diagonal and curved patterns. The cylinders contained only vertical or only horizontal black-and-white stripes to create orientation-specific experience."},{"text":"Only circular or only spiral black-and-white stripes.","correct":false,"explanation":"Circular and spiral patterns were not used in the rearing cylinders. Kittens experienced black-and-white stripes arranged in either a vertical or horizontal orientation."},{"text":"Only checked or only spotted black-and-white patterns.","correct":false,"explanation":"Checks and spots would provide multiple edges and orientations, undermining the manipulation. The cylinders displayed exclusively vertical or exclusively horizontal black-and-white stripes."}]},{"id":"935d9cfa-a4d2-46c5-b43a-432045326a05","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why did kittens wear collars in the cylinders?","back":"To stop them seeing their own bodies, restricting input to stripes.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"To stop them seeing their own bodies, restricting input to stripes.","correct":true,"explanation":"The collars prevented kittens from seeing visual features and orientations on their own bodies, ensuring that their visual input was restricted as closely as possible to the stripes."},{"text":"To stop them touching the cylinder walls, restricting movement to circles.","correct":false,"explanation":"The collars were intended to control visual input, not prevent wall contact or force circular movement. They stopped kittens seeing their own bodies, restricting vision to the stripes."},{"text":"To stop them hearing the other kittens, restricting input to silence.","correct":false,"explanation":"The collars did not control auditory experience or block sounds from other kittens. They blocked the kittens’ view of their own bodies so visual input remained restricted to stripes."},{"text":"To stop them moving their heads freely, restricting attention to one side.","correct":false,"explanation":"The purpose was not to hold the head in one direction. The collars prevented kittens from seeing their own bodies and therefore encountering additional line orientations."}]},{"id":"df631827-fd2a-47d7-9e03-d2f56ec3e34c","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"From early life, the kittens were kept in [ ] except for controlled exposure to one striped environment each day.","back":"From early life, the kittens were kept in darkness except for controlled exposure to one striped environment each day.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"darkness","correct":true,"explanation":"Keeping the kittens in darkness prevented uncontrolled visual experience, allowing the researchers to isolate the effects of daily exposure to either horizontal or vertical stripes."},{"text":"normal lighting","correct":false,"explanation":"Normal lighting would have exposed the kittens to lines in many orientations, undermining the controlled rearing procedure. They were kept in darkness outside the scheduled striped exposure."},{"text":"constant striped light","correct":false,"explanation":"The striped environment was not continuously visible, as prolonged exposure could introduce uncontrolled differences. The kittens were kept in darkness except for controlled daily sessions."},{"text":"complete isolation","correct":false,"explanation":"The controlled variable was visual input rather than social contact or general isolation. The kittens were kept in darkness to restrict their experience of line orientations."}]},{"id":"b4497b0f-0192-4890-aaea-57ac2f853ea3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"After several months, where were the kittens tested behaviourally?","back":"In a normally lit room.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In a normally lit room.","correct":true,"explanation":"Testing in a normally lit room showed how the restricted early visual experience affected the kittens’ ability to navigate and respond to ordinary surroundings."},{"text":"In a darkened room.","correct":false,"explanation":"A darkened room would not reveal how the kittens perceived differently oriented objects. They were behaviourally tested in a normally lit room containing ordinary visual information."},{"text":"In a striped cylinder.","correct":false,"explanation":"The striped cylinder was used for controlled visual exposure during rearing, not for the later behavioural test. Testing took place in a normally lit room."},{"text":"In a soundproof chamber.","correct":false,"explanation":"The study investigated visual development rather than responses to sound, so a soundproof chamber was unnecessary. Behaviour was assessed in a normally lit room."}]},{"id":"de18444d-521b-4c73-ae33-4c0b0f40554c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What final physiological measure did the researchers take?","back":"Neural responses in the visual cortex to different orientations.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Neural responses in the visual cortex to different orientations.","correct":true,"explanation":"The researchers recorded how visual cortex neurons responded to lines at different orientations, allowing physiological selectivity to be compared with the kittens’ behavioural difficulties."},{"text":"Neural responses in the auditory cortex to different orientations.","correct":false,"explanation":"The auditory cortex processes sound and would not provide the relevant measure of orientation selectivity. The researchers recorded responses in the visual cortex to different orientations."},{"text":"Neural responses in the visual cortex to different colours.","correct":false,"explanation":"Confusing orientation with colour overlooks the study’s manipulated feature. The researchers measured visual cortex responses to differently oriented lines, not to different colours."},{"text":"Neural responses in the retina to different orientations.","correct":false,"explanation":"The study examined experience-dependent cortical development rather than retinal activity. The final measure recorded visual cortex neurons responding to different line orientations."}]},{"id":"b11ae7a8-9c8a-48fe-86cd-92e1fd84652c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How did stripe-rearing affect later orientation perception?","back":"Experienced orientations were detected well; unexperienced orientations were difficult.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Experienced orientations were detected well; unexperienced orientations were difficult.","correct":true,"explanation":"Kittens responded effectively to the stripe orientation encountered during rearing but struggled with the other orientation, demonstrating orientation-specific effects of early visual experience."},{"text":"Unexperienced orientations were detected well; experienced orientations were difficult.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the observed relationship. The kittens detected the experienced stripe orientation well and had difficulty perceiving the orientation absent from their early environment."},{"text":"Experienced orientations were difficult; unexperienced orientations were equally difficult.","correct":false,"explanation":"The kittens were not equally impaired across both orientations. They detected the experienced orientation effectively but struggled specifically with the unexperienced orientation."},{"text":"Experienced orientations were detected well; unexperienced orientations were detected equally well.","correct":false,"explanation":"This assumes that restricted rearing had no orientation-specific effect. In fact, perception was good for experienced orientations and difficult for unexperienced ones."}]},{"id":"fe64ee2b-d88b-4bbc-bb8a-13d67258feae","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What should you say instead of “the kittens were completely blind”?","back":"Their eyes worked, but they struggled with unexperienced orientations.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Their eyes worked, but they struggled with unexperienced orientations.","correct":true,"explanation":"The kittens could see and use visual information, but their restricted early experience produced a selective difficulty with orientations they had not encountered."},{"text":"Their eyes were damaged, so they struggled with all visual information.","correct":false,"explanation":"The deficit was not caused by eye damage or total blindness. Their eyes worked, but they had difficulty processing orientations missing from their early experience."},{"text":"Their eyes worked, but they struggled with experienced orientations.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the selective impairment. The kittens perceived their experienced orientation relatively well but struggled with orientations absent from the rearing environment."},{"text":"Their eyes were blind, but they responded to experienced orientations.","correct":false,"explanation":"Calling the eyes blind contradicts the kittens’ successful responses to the experienced orientation. Their eyes functioned, while perception of unexperienced orientations was impaired."}]},{"id":"c072d884-9bc0-402f-a11b-6ae9604abc00","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What physiological result matched the behavioural findings?","back":"Visual cortex neurons responded mainly to the experienced orientation.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Visual cortex neurons responded mainly to the experienced orientation.","correct":true,"explanation":"Most recorded neurons were selective for the orientation seen during rearing, matching the kittens’ stronger behavioural responses to that same orientation."},{"text":"Visual cortex neurons responded mainly to the unexperienced orientation.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the physiological finding. Neurons responded mainly to the experienced orientation, corresponding to the kittens’ better behavioural detection of that orientation."},{"text":"Visual cortex neurons responded equally to every orientation.","correct":false,"explanation":"Equal responses would suggest that restricted experience had not altered orientation selectivity. Instead, neurons responded predominantly to the orientation experienced during early rearing."},{"text":"Visual cortex neurons responded mainly to the brightness of the room.","correct":false,"explanation":"The physiological measure concerned orientation selectivity, not general brightness sensitivity. Visual cortex neurons responded mainly to the stripe orientation experienced during rearing."}]},{"id":"e99958ac-e925-4ea1-a982-14e810cef6ef","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that [ ] can shape the development of the [ ].","back":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that early visual experience can shape the development of the visual cortex.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that early visual experience can shape the development of the visual cortex.","correct":true,"explanation":"Restricted exposure altered both orientation perception and cortical neural responses, showing that visual input early in life helps organise the developing visual cortex."},{"text":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that early visual experience can shape the development of the auditory cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"The manipulation involved visual patterns and the physiological recordings came from the visual cortex. The study therefore concerned early visual experience shaping visual cortex development."},{"text":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that early auditory experience can shape the development of the visual cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"No auditory experience was manipulated in this study. The findings showed that early visual experience can shape the development and orientation selectivity of the visual cortex."},{"text":"Blakemore and Cooper concluded that adult visual experience can shape the development of the visual cortex.","correct":false,"explanation":"The critical manipulation occurred during early development, not adulthood. The study concluded that early visual experience shapes the developing visual cortex."}]},{"id":"30cab49b-ad34-489f-8d4f-f3158bb0fc01","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does the study support a sensitive period in vision?","back":"Missing early patterned input affected later visual processing.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Missing early patterned input affected later visual processing.","correct":true,"explanation":"The lasting orientation-specific deficits showed that appropriate patterned stimulation is especially important early in development, supporting a sensitive period for normal visual processing."},{"text":"Missing early auditory input affected later visual processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"The experiment restricted visual patterns rather than sounds. Missing early patterned visual input produced lasting changes in orientation perception and visual cortex responses."},{"text":"Missing early colour input affected later visual processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Colour exposure was not the manipulated feature, so the findings cannot establish a sensitive period for colour. The kittens lacked specific patterned orientation input."},{"text":"Missing adult patterned input affected later visual processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Placing the deprivation in adulthood misses the developmental evidence. Patterned input was restricted early in life, and this early absence affected later visual processing."}]},{"id":"03b081d5-6e09-4c14-9263-fc8751ace936","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What would the study predict for untreated early cataracts?","back":"Reduced early visual input may impair normal visual processing.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Reduced early visual input may impair normal visual processing.","correct":true,"explanation":"The study suggests that adequate visual stimulation during an early critical period is necessary for the visual cortex to develop normal processing abilities."},{"text":"Reduced early visual input may improve normal visual processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"Visual deprivation would not be expected to improve processing. The study predicts impairment because normal visual input is needed to organise cortical functioning during early development."},{"text":"Reduced early visual input may impair normal auditory processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses sensory systems: cataracts restrict visual rather than auditory experience. Reduced early visual input may therefore impair normal visual processing."},{"text":"Increased early visual input may impair normal visual processing.","correct":false,"explanation":"The relevant risk is deprivation, not increased stimulation. Untreated cataracts reduce patterned visual input, which may prevent normal visual processing from developing."}]},{"id":"ad46d3c1-4c54-4aad-82f0-496be962d4dc","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does high control strengthen internal validity here?","back":"Restricted visual input supports a cause-and-effect link.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Restricted visual input supports a cause-and-effect link.","correct":true,"explanation":"The researchers controlled the kittens’ visual environment, making differences in visual processing more attributable to the manipulated orientation experience rather than uncontrolled variables."},{"text":"Restricted visual input supports a correlational link.","correct":false,"explanation":"Calling the link correlational overlooks the deliberate manipulation of visual experience. High control supports a cause-and-effect conclusion by reducing plausible alternative explanations."},{"text":"Restricted visual input supports a chance-based link.","correct":false,"explanation":"High control does not suggest that the findings arose by chance. It strengthens the conclusion that restricted visual input caused the later processing differences."},{"text":"Unrestricted visual input supports a cause-and-effect link.","correct":false,"explanation":"The kittens’ input was deliberately restricted, not unrestricted. This controlled manipulation allowed researchers to connect early orientation exposure causally with later visual responses."}]},{"id":"5ab4e75d-c8b1-4ac5-8a3d-bfc109b7c3b9","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Using both behaviour and visual cortex recordings made the evidence more convincing because the findings [ ].","back":"Using both behaviour and visual cortex recordings made the evidence more convincing because the findings supported each other.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"supported each other","correct":true,"explanation":"Behavioural deficits corresponded with the visual cortex recordings, so two different measures converged on the conclusion that early visual experience shaped later orientation sensitivity."},{"text":"contradicted each other","correct":false,"explanation":"The behavioural and physiological findings were consistent rather than contradictory. They supported each other by showing matching orientation-specific effects in behaviour and cortical responses."},{"text":"measured identical variables","correct":false,"explanation":"The methods measured related but different outcomes: behaviour and neural activity. Their convergence was convincing because the findings supported each other across distinct measures."},{"text":"eliminated individual differences","correct":false,"explanation":"Using two forms of evidence did not remove differences between kittens. It strengthened the evidence because the behavioural and visual cortex findings supported each other."}]},{"id":"c5b58b49-acb6-46a1-b2ea-ab60c4a9dc21","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why was ecological validity low?","back":"Kittens do not naturally grow up seeing only vertical or horizontal stripes.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Kittens do not naturally grow up seeing only vertical or horizontal stripes.","correct":true,"explanation":"The highly artificial striped environment differed greatly from kittens’ normal varied surroundings, so the study’s setting and visual experience had low ecological validity."},{"text":"Kittens do not naturally grow up seeing only bright or dim lighting.","correct":false,"explanation":"The manipulation concerned line orientation, not lighting intensity. Ecological validity was low because kittens would not naturally experience only vertical or horizontal stripes."},{"text":"Kittens do not naturally grow up seeing only large or small objects.","correct":false,"explanation":"The kittens were not restricted to different object sizes. Their artificial exposure to only vertical or horizontal stripes made the visual environment unrealistic."},{"text":"Kittens do not naturally grow up hearing only high or low tones.","correct":false,"explanation":"This substitutes an auditory manipulation for the study’s visual one. Ecological validity was low because kittens do not naturally see only vertical or horizontal stripes."}]},{"id":"22b443f8-a0d5-4078-8e29-e69a67878261","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is generalising to humans difficult?","back":"The sample was kittens, not humans, and was narrow.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The sample was kittens, not humans, and was narrow.","correct":true,"explanation":"Species differences and the small, restricted animal sample limit confidence that human visual development would respond in exactly the same way."},{"text":"The sample was adult humans, not children, and was narrow.","correct":false,"explanation":"The study did not use adult humans; it used kittens. Generalisation is difficult because animal findings may not transfer directly to human visual development."},{"text":"The sample was taxi drivers, not humans, and was narrow.","correct":false,"explanation":"Taxi drivers were participants in Maguire’s research and are themselves human. Blakemore and Cooper used kittens, creating a species-based generalisation problem."},{"text":"The sample was human infants, not adults, and was narrow.","correct":false,"explanation":"No human infants were studied. The sample consisted of kittens, so differences between feline and human development make generalisation to people uncertain."}]},{"id":"7c5011bd-0fbb-4fb8-bd68-39e940cf14a9","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What ethical concerns does the study raise?","back":"

Visual deprivation could cause distress or impairment.
Invasive procedures examined the visual cortex.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Visual deprivation could cause distress or impairment.
Invasive procedures examined the visual cortex.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Restricting normal vision risked lasting harm and distress, while recording from the visual cortex involved invasive methods. Both issues raise concerns about animal welfare."},{"text":"

Visual enrichment could cause distress or impairment.
Questionnaires examined the visual cortex.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The kittens underwent visual deprivation rather than enrichment, and questionnaires cannot examine an animal’s cortex. The concerns were deprivation and invasive cortical procedures."},{"text":"

Auditory deprivation could cause distress or impairment.
Natural observation examined the visual cortex.

","correct":false,"explanation":"The manipulation restricted visual, not auditory, experience, and cortical examination was invasive rather than naturalistic. These procedures created risks of distress and impairment."},{"text":"

Visual deprivation could improve health or wellbeing.
Non-invasive procedures examined the visual cortex.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Visual deprivation risked harm rather than improved wellbeing, and the cortical investigation was invasive. The ethical concerns therefore involve possible impairment and invasive procedures."}]},{"id":"d308c086-c4b9-4228-af76-96c688fe0ccc","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In the nature-nurture debate, the study supports an [ ] view: biology provides structures, nurture helps organise function.","back":"In the nature-nurture debate, the study supports an interactionist view: biology provides structures, nurture helps organise function.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"interactionist","correct":true,"explanation":"The findings imply that innate neural structures and environmental visual experience work together, which supports an interactionist account of visual development."},{"text":"nativist","correct":false,"explanation":"A purely nativist account overstates biology and neglects the demonstrated role of visual experience. The study supports an interactionist view combining biological structures with nurture."},{"text":"empiricist","correct":false,"explanation":"A purely empiricist account overstates environmental learning and neglects biologically provided neural structures. The conclusion is interactionist because both nature and nurture contribute."},{"text":"reductionist","correct":false,"explanation":"Reductionism concerns explaining behaviour at a simpler level, not necessarily combining nature and nurture. The stated balance between biology and experience is interactionist."}]},{"id":"56b3f0f7-fb32-4c7e-94aa-774f27ee308c","cardType":"basic","points":3,"front":"What is the key method contrast with Maguire et al. (2000)?","back":"

Blakemore and Cooper: manipulated kitten visual experience.
Maguire: studied taxi drivers’ natural navigation experience.

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Blakemore and Cooper: manipulated kitten visual experience.
Maguire: studied taxi drivers’ natural navigation experience.

","correct":true,"explanation":"Blakemore and Cooper experimentally controlled early visual input, whereas Maguire investigated naturally occurring navigation experience without assigning participants to that experience."},{"text":"

Blakemore and Cooper: studied kitten visual experience naturally.
Maguire: manipulated taxi drivers’ navigation experience.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the methods. Blakemore and Cooper manipulated kittens’ visual input, while Maguire studied taxi drivers whose navigation experience had developed naturally."},{"text":"

Blakemore and Cooper: manipulated taxi drivers’ navigation experience.
Maguire: studied kittens’ natural visual experience.

","correct":false,"explanation":"This swaps the samples and procedures between the studies. Blakemore and Cooper manipulated kittens’ vision, whereas Maguire examined taxi drivers’ existing navigation experience."},{"text":"

Blakemore and Cooper: studied kitten visual experience naturally.
Maguire: studied taxi drivers’ natural navigation experience.

","correct":false,"explanation":"Maguire did investigate naturally acquired experience, but Blakemore and Cooper did not. They deliberately restricted kittens’ visual environments, making their research experimental."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-10","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Blakemore and Cooper (1970): Impact of early visual experience","title":"Blakemore and Cooper (1970): Impact of early visual experience Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/as-level/psychology/ocr/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L39"}]}],"topicId":"5ed6792b-50ff-5883-805e-860f2030a956","walled":"$L3a"}],"$L3b","$L3c"]