Reading a sinusoidal AC graph
Reading a sinusoidal AC graph

An alternating current changes direction periodically, unlike direct current which flows in one direction only. In many exam questions the waveform is sinusoidal, so the instantaneous current can be written as I=I0sin(2πft)I = I_0 \sin(2\pi ft)I=I0sin(2πft). The same pattern applies to voltage, with V=V0sin(2πft)V = V_0 \sin(2\pi ft)V=V0sin(2πft).