A regional charity is developing a training guide for 'Workplace Mental Health First Aiders' to help them identify employees who may be struggling. The guide must explain how to recognize when an employee is experiencing an affective disorder (such as major depressive disorder). The description must be supportive, professional, and free of dense medical jargon, while remaining clinically accurate.
Describe the characteristic features of an affective disorder in a way that would be appropriate for inclusion in this training guide.