In the investigation of bystander behaviour by Piliavin et al. (1969) ("Subway Samaritan"), several variables were studied to observe their effect on helping behaviour. Which of the following options correctly describes how an independent variable was operationalised by the researchers?
The type of victim, operationalised as either carrying a black cane and appearing sober ("ill") or carrying a bottle in a brown paper bag and smelling of alcohol ("drunk").
The location of the victim's collapse, operationalised by having the victim fall in either the critical area near the door or the adjacent area near the corridor.
The gender of the model, operationalised by using both male and female confederates to model helping behaviour at specified times.
The size of the immediate witness group, operationalised by restricting the number of passengers allowed in the subway compartment to exactly 555, 101010, or 151515.
