In their 'Subway Samaritan' study, Piliavin et al. (1969) proposed the 'arousal: cost-benefit' model to explain bystander behavior.
Explain how this model accounts for the high rates of spontaneous helping behavior observed in the study.
105 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Responses to people in need, covering Piliavin et al. (1969): Subway Samaritan and Levine et al. (2001): Cross-cultural altruism. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.