In the classic subway Samaritan study on bystander behaviour by Piliavin et al. (1969), researchers observed and manipulated several variables within a natural setting.
Identify one independent variable manipulated by the researchers and one dependent variable measured by the observers, and describe how each of these two variables was operationalised in the study.
105 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Responses to people in need, covering Piliavin et al. (1969): Subway Samaritan and Levine et al. (2001): Cross-cultural altruism. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.