An educational psychologist investigates whether there is a relationship between the number of minutes spent using a language-learning mobile app per day and final exam scores in Spanish. Which of the following is a key methodological characteristic of this study?
The researcher can confidently establish a cause-and-effect relationship between app usage and exam performance.
The researcher randomly allocates participants to different daily usage durations to control for participant variables.
The researcher measures two continuous co-variables without manipulating an independent variable.
The researcher manipulates the independent variable of app usage to observe its direct effect on the dependent variable of exam score.
644 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Research methods and techniques. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.