A neuropsychologist is investigating how a low-gravity simulation environment affects the spatial reasoning performance of astronauts. Because previous spaceflight simulations have shown highly conflicting results on spatial cognitive mapping, the researcher decides to formulate a non-directional hypothesis.
Which of the following statements represents the correct formulation of a non-directional hypothesis for this investigation?
There will be a significant difference in spatial reasoning test scores between astronauts tested in the low-gravity simulation environment and those tested in normal gravity.
Astronauts tested in the low-gravity simulation environment will perform significantly worse on spatial reasoning tests than those tested in normal gravity.
There will be no significant difference in spatial reasoning test scores between astronauts tested in the low-gravity simulation environment and those tested in normal gravity.
The spatial reasoning test scores of astronauts in the low-gravity simulation environment will be positively correlated with their prior flight experience.
201 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Planning and conducting research. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.