A researcher conducted an investigation into the effect of leading questions on eyewitness testimony, focusing on the use of definite versus indefinite articles. Participants watched a video clip of a minor collision between a car and a motorcycle. One group of participants was asked, "Did you see the broken headlight?", while the second group was asked, "Did you see a broken headlight?". In reality, there was no broken headlight in the video.
The frequency of participants who recalled seeing a broken headlight is shown in the table below:
| Recalled seeing a broken headlight (Yes) | Did not recall seeing a broken headlight (No) | |
|---|---|---|
| Definite article ('the') | 18 | 12 |
| Indefinite article ('a') | 5 | 25 |
The researcher used a Chi-Squared test to analyse the association between the question phrasing and recall accuracy.
Give two reasons why the Chi-Squared test is appropriate for this investigation, making direct reference to the details of the study.
163 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Memory, covering Loftus and Palmer (1974): Eyewitness testimony and Grant et al. (1998): Context-dependent memory. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.