In Experiment 2 of Loftus and Palmer’s (1974) study on reconstructive memory, how was the independent variable manipulated?
Participants were split into three groups: one asked about speed using the verb 'smashed', one asked using the verb 'hit', and a control group not asked about speed.
Participants were split into five groups, each asked about speed using a different verb ('smashed', 'collided', 'bumped', 'hit', or 'contacted').
Participants were divided into groups that viewed different film clips of car accidents ranging in duration from 5 to 30 seconds.
Participants were split into two groups, one tested immediately after the film and the other tested after a one-week delay.
163 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Memory, covering Loftus and Palmer (1974): Eyewitness testimony and Grant et al. (1998): Context-dependent memory. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.