To investigate the impact of an advanced flight-deck interface, an aviation psychologist measured the performance of trainee pilots in a high-fidelity flight simulator. Twelve trainees were recruited via a voluntary participation scheme. In the first phase, participants completed a standard landing sequence and recorded the number of flight path deviations they committed (Standard Display). In the second phase, the simulator's Heads-Up Display (HUD) upgrade was activated, and the same trainees repeated the sequence, recording their deviations again (With HUD). The results are shown in the table below.