An educational psychologist is investigating whether an organized study workspace reduces the number of self-reported smartphone distractions (checking notifications, scrolling social media) during homework sessions. She conducts an experiment using a sample of 12 students. For one week, students record the number of times they check their phone during a daily 2-hour study block under their usual workspace conditions. The following week, they adopt a standardized, organized desk layout and record the same metric under the same study conditions. The daily average data for each participant is presented in the table below.
| Participant | Normal Workspace (Before) | Organized Workspace (After) |
|---|---|---|
| a | 15 | 11 |
| b | 18 | 15 |
| c | 22 | 22 |
| d | 14 | 16 |
| e | 25 | 20 |
| f | 10 | 11 |
| g | 19 | 13 |
| h | 12 | 8 |
| i | 17 | 10 |
| j | 9 | 9 |
| k | 21 | 13 |
| l | 16 | 18 |
Using the Wilcoxon T Signed Ranks test, calculate the value of TTT.
Formula / process for calculating T: TTT = the sum of ranks of the differences with the least frequent sign
513 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Data recording, analysis and presentation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.