A cognitive neuroscientist wanted to investigate whether completing a short virtual reality (VR) mindfulness session alters subsequent focus scores (measured on a scale of 1 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater focus) compared to a standard resting control condition. He conducted a repeated measures experiment using a sample of 12 professional esports players. Each player completed a highly demanding reaction test twice: once after a standard resting break and once after a VR mindfulness break.
In a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test conducted on this data, one participant showed identical focus scores in both conditions, resulting in their data being discarded and leaving N=11N = 11N=11. The calculated value of T T\,T was determined to be 7.
Use the table of critical values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test below to answer the question.
Table: Critical values of T T\,T for the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test
| NNN (number of active pairs) | Two-tailed level of significance: 0.05 | Two-tailed level of significance: 0.01 |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | 5 | 1 |
| 10 | 8 | 3 |
| 11 | 10 | 5 |
Note: For significance to be shown, the calculated value of T T\,T must be equal to or less than the table (critical) value.
Question: Write the significance statement for the analysis carried out above at a 5% significance level (p≤0.05p \le 0.05p≤0.05), assuming a non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis.
513 exam-style questions on OCR A Level Psychology Data recording, analysis and presentation. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.