9-year-old Maya was volunteering at a local community garden for the weekend alongside her father and two older teenage volunteers, Jordan and Taylor, whom she deeply admired and wanted to impress.
In the morning, the three of them were happily painting a bright mural on the garden shed. They were laughing and having a wonderful time. Suddenly, Maya's father walked over and said, "Maya, I need you to stop painting now. Come over to the main tap and help me wash out these heavy soil trays."
"But Dad, I'm right in the middle of painting the sun with Jordan and Taylor! It's the best part," Maya protested.
"I need you to help me right now, Maya. The soil is drying and it will be too hard to clean later. Let's go."
Maya and her father locked eyes for a moment. Seeing her father's firm expression, Maya sighed reluctantly, put down her paintbrush, and followed him to the tap.
Later that afternoon, the three younger volunteers were walking near the edge of the garden, where a narrow concrete wall stood about two metres above a muddy ditch. Jordan and Taylor hopped onto the wall and walked along its narrow ledge with ease. Jordan turned to Maya and said, "Your turn! It's easy, you just saw us do it. It's just like walking on the benches in PE."
Maya looked at the narrow ledge. She would never have tried to walk along it on her own; it felt far too high and risky. But she wasn't alone; she was with the older teenagers she wanted to be like. "It's quite high up, isn't it?" Maya whispered, her hands beginning to sweat.
"Are you going to do it or are you too scared?" teased Taylor. "Don't be a baby, Maya!"
Maya could not bear the thought of being rejected or seen as weak by Jordan and Taylor. She looked at them, took a deep breath, stepped up onto the ledge, and carefully walked across to the other side.
Outline two defining principles or concepts of the social area of psychology and briefly explain how they relate to the article.
