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to uncover conflicts that have been repressed outside awareness. Making them conscious allows the client to understand and work through their psychological effects."},{"text":"Psychodynamic therapy aims to bring conscious conflicts into conscious awareness.","correct":false,"explanation":"Conflicts that are already conscious do not need to be uncovered. Psychodynamic therapy specifically brings unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness so that they can be examined and resolved."},{"text":"Psychodynamic therapy aims to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious suppression.","correct":false,"explanation":"Suppression would keep troubling material from being explored, confusing therapy with avoidance. The aim is to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness so the client can understand them."},{"text":"Psychodynamic therapy aims to bring conscious thoughts into unconscious awareness.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the direction of psychodynamic therapy and treats unconscious awareness as possible. Therapy brings unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness, where they can be recognised and addressed."}]},{"id":"62e4ba70-9e3b-4a2c-b09b-973fa95cf48d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is therapy needed in the psychodynamic approach?","back":"Unresolved unconscious conflicts can create anxiety and symptoms later.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Unresolved unconscious conflicts can create anxiety and symptoms later.","correct":true,"explanation":"Psychodynamic theory proposes that unresolved conflicts remain in the unconscious and continue to influence behaviour. Therapy is needed to uncover and work through these sources of anxiety and symptoms."},{"text":"Resolved conscious conflicts can create anxiety and symptoms later.","correct":false,"explanation":"A conflict that is conscious and resolved is not the hidden cause targeted by psychodynamic therapy. Unresolved unconscious conflicts can persist and produce anxiety or psychological symptoms later."},{"text":"Unresolved conscious conflicts are permanently removed by defence mechanisms.","correct":false,"explanation":"Defence mechanisms disguise or exclude threatening conflicts from awareness rather than permanently removing them. Therapy is needed because unresolved unconscious conflicts can continue causing anxiety and symptoms."},{"text":"Learned associations between stimuli cause all anxiety and symptoms later.","correct":false,"explanation":"Learned stimulus associations belong to the behaviourist explanation, and claiming they cause all symptoms is overly absolute. Psychodynamic therapy targets unresolved unconscious conflicts that produce later anxiety and symptoms."}]},{"id":"2b982485-47ca-416a-8c20-831bac1b2a81","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"The [ ] seeks immediate pleasure; the [ ] is linked to morality and guilt.","back":"The id seeks immediate pleasure; the superego is linked to morality and guilt.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The id seeks immediate pleasure; the superego is linked to morality and guilt.","correct":true,"explanation":"The id operates according to the pleasure principle and demands immediate gratification. The superego represents internalised moral standards and can produce guilt when those standards are violated."},{"text":"The ego seeks immediate pleasure; the superego is linked to morality and guilt.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses the ego with the id. The id seeks immediate pleasure, while the ego follows the reality principle and mediates between the id, superego and external world."},{"text":"The id seeks immediate pleasure; the ego is linked to morality and guilt.","correct":false,"explanation":"The id is correctly associated with immediate pleasure, but morality and guilt belong to the superego. The ego instead makes realistic compromises between competing demands."},{"text":"The superego seeks immediate pleasure; the id is linked to morality and guilt.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the functions of the two personality components. The id seeks immediate gratification, whereas the superego contains internalised moral rules and generates guilt."}]},{"id":"1bb26a2e-3bf4-4e08-9471-51724f335bfb","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Which defence mechanism pushes threatening thoughts out of awareness?","back":"Repression.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Repression.","correct":true,"explanation":"Repression unconsciously blocks threatening thoughts, memories or impulses from entering conscious awareness. Freud regarded it as a central defence mechanism involved in psychological symptoms."},{"text":"Displacement.","correct":false,"explanation":"Displacement redirects an unacceptable emotion or impulse towards a safer substitute target; it does not remove thoughts from awareness. Repression is the mechanism that pushes threatening material into the unconscious."},{"text":"Denial.","correct":false,"explanation":"Denial involves refusing to accept an unpleasant external reality, which is different from unconsciously excluding threatening thoughts. Repression pushes disturbing mental content out of conscious awareness."},{"text":"Projection.","correct":false,"explanation":"Projection attributes one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person. Repression instead prevents threatening thoughts, memories or impulses from reaching conscious awareness."}]},{"id":"00ea8894-aa08-4d95-80fc-b8a903e1cb28","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Dream analysis treats dreams as [ ] of unconscious [ ].","back":"Dream analysis treats dreams as disguised expressions of unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Dream analysis treats dreams as disguised expressions of unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts.","correct":true,"explanation":"Freud argued that dream work transforms threatening unconscious material into symbolic, disguised content. Analysis interprets this content to uncover the underlying wishes, fears or conflicts."},{"text":"Dream analysis treats dreams as literal descriptions of unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Freud did not regard dream images as literal representations because unconscious material is altered by dream work. Dreams are disguised expressions of underlying wishes, fears or conflicts."},{"text":"Dream analysis treats dreams as disguised expressions of unconscious future predictions.","correct":false,"explanation":"Psychodynamic dream analysis does not treat dreams as predictions of future events. It interprets them as disguised expressions of unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts."},{"text":"Dream analysis treats dreams as direct records of unconscious future events.","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses psychodynamic interpretation with the idea that dreams predict or record the future. Freud viewed dreams as disguised expressions of unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts."}]},{"id":"42c0231a-234d-4c42-8584-ea03e014c727","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In dream analysis, what is the dream as remembered and reported called?","back":"Manifest content.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Manifest content.","correct":true,"explanation":"Manifest content is the dream’s surface-level storyline, images and events as consciously remembered and reported. Analysis is then used to infer the hidden latent content beneath it."},{"text":"Latent content.","correct":false,"explanation":"Latent content is the hidden unconscious meaning rather than the remembered dream itself. The dream as consciously recalled and reported is called its manifest content."},{"text":"Dream work.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dream work is the process that transforms threatening latent material into a disguised dream. The resulting dream as remembered and reported is its manifest content."},{"text":"Secondary elaboration.","correct":false,"explanation":"Secondary elaboration is a dream-work process that makes a dream appear more coherent when recalled. The complete remembered and reported dream is called manifest content."}]},{"id":"90c1a600-f1ee-4c83-8d79-74376ff52ee2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In dream analysis, what is the hidden meaning beneath the dream called?","back":"Latent content.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Latent content.","correct":true,"explanation":"Latent content is the dream’s concealed psychological meaning, including the unconscious wishes, fears or conflicts represented symbolically beneath the remembered storyline."},{"text":"Manifest content.","correct":false,"explanation":"Manifest content is the surface dream that the person remembers and reports, not its hidden meaning. The concealed unconscious meaning beneath it is called latent content."},{"text":"Dream work.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dream work is the process that disguises unconscious material through mechanisms such as condensation and displacement. The hidden meaning produced from that material is called latent content."},{"text":"Secondary elaboration.","correct":false,"explanation":"Secondary elaboration helps organise disconnected dream material into a more coherent account. The underlying unconscious meaning beneath the reported dream is called latent content."}]},{"id":"2ff7dda1-bc25-4483-af4b-96579e43f6b2","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What should a client avoid during free association?","back":"Censoring thoughts.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Censoring thoughts.","correct":true,"explanation":"Free association requires the client to report thoughts spontaneously without judging, editing or withholding them. Avoiding censorship allows unconscious themes and conflicts to emerge through associations."},{"text":"Expressing thoughts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Expressing thoughts is essential rather than something to avoid during free association. The client should avoid censoring thoughts so that unconscious material can emerge without deliberate filtering."},{"text":"Reporting thoughts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Reporting whatever enters the mind is the central activity of free association. The client should instead avoid censoring thoughts, even when they seem embarrassing, irrelevant or uncomfortable."},{"text":"Exploring thoughts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Exploring thoughts can help reveal recurring unconscious themes and is therefore not discouraged. Free association requires the client to avoid censoring or withholding thoughts before expressing them."}]},{"id":"76b82c89-0ec4-4ce4-b90b-63e54d4e5fee","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does dream-work do?","back":"Transforms unconscious thoughts into disguised dream images.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Transforms unconscious thoughts into disguised dream images.","correct":true,"explanation":"Dream-work converts threatening unconscious wishes and thoughts into symbolic, disguised images, allowing them to appear in dreams without directly disturbing the conscious mind."},{"text":"Erases unconscious thoughts from the dreamer’s memory.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dream-work does not remove unconscious thoughts from memory. It transforms unconscious thoughts into disguised dream images that conceal their threatening underlying content."},{"text":"Reveals unconscious thoughts through literal dream images.","correct":false,"explanation":"The tempting error is to treat dreams as direct expressions of the unconscious. Dream-work actually transforms unconscious thoughts into disguised dream images."},{"text":"Organises conscious thoughts into logical dream narratives.","correct":false,"explanation":"Dream-work concerns the disguised expression of unconscious material, not the rational evaluation of conscious experience. It transforms unconscious thoughts into disguised dream images."}]},{"id":"d784ea0e-af8c-4342-87cd-f3d862b847df","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In dream-work, [ ] combines several ideas; [ ] shifts emotion onto a safer object.","back":"In dream-work, condensation combines several ideas; displacement shifts emotion onto a safer object.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In dream-work, condensation combines several ideas; displacement shifts emotion onto a safer object.","correct":true,"explanation":"Condensation merges several unconscious ideas into one dream image, while displacement redirects emotion from its threatening original target to a safer substitute."},{"text":"In dream-work, displacement combines several ideas; condensation shifts emotion onto a safer object.","correct":false,"explanation":"The two processes have been reversed. Condensation combines several ideas into one image, whereas displacement shifts emotion from a threatening target onto a safer object."},{"text":"In dream-work, projection combines several ideas; displacement shifts emotion onto a safer object.","correct":false,"explanation":"Projection involves attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to somebody else, so it does not describe combining dream ideas. Condensation combines ideas, while displacement redirects emotion."},{"text":"In dream-work, condensation combines several ideas; sublimation shifts emotion onto a safer object.","correct":false,"explanation":"Sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities rather than shifting dream emotion onto a safer object. The correct processes are condensation and displacement."}]},{"id":"41965f8a-6337-4572-a41c-1a3c1ac88f4a","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why should dream symbols not be treated as fixed meanings?","back":"The client’s own associations matter most.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The client’s own associations matter most.","correct":true,"explanation":"Freud viewed dream imagery as personally meaningful, so its interpretation should be based primarily on the client’s own associations rather than a universal symbol dictionary."},{"text":"The therapist’s personal interpretations matter most.","correct":false,"explanation":"A therapist may guide interpretation, but cannot impose personal assumptions as fixed meanings. The client’s own associations matter most because dream symbols have individual significance."},{"text":"The culture’s universal definitions matter most.","correct":false,"explanation":"Universal meanings would ignore differences in personal experience and unconscious conflict. Dream symbols should instead be explored through the client’s own associations."},{"text":"The symbol’s literal appearance matters most.","correct":false,"explanation":"The literal appearance of an image is its manifest content and may disguise its latent meaning. The client’s own associations therefore matter most."}]},{"id":"4b80349c-75a2-412b-ae86-ad44a3ec9a1a","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In psychodrama, clients [ ] conflicts, usually in a [ ].","back":"In psychodrama, clients act out conflicts, usually in a group setting.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In psychodrama, clients act out conflicts, usually in a group setting.","correct":true,"explanation":"Psychodrama uses dramatic enactment, so clients act out conflicts rather than merely describing them. It usually occurs in a group setting with others taking supporting roles."},{"text":"In psychodrama, clients talk through conflicts, usually in a private setting.","correct":false,"explanation":"Psychodrama is based on enacting conflicts, not simply discussing them, and it is usually conducted in a group setting where other participants can take roles."},{"text":"In psychodrama, clients act out conflicts, usually in a private setting.","correct":false,"explanation":"Acting out is correctly identified, but psychodrama usually uses a group setting. Other group members can serve as auxiliary egos or participate as the audience."},{"text":"In psychodrama, clients free-associate about conflicts, usually in a group setting.","correct":false,"explanation":"A group setting is typical, but free association is a verbal psychoanalytic technique rather than dramatic enactment. In psychodrama, clients act out conflicts."}]},{"id":"8d809349-59c6-407c-9bb7-9e9354a1390c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In psychodrama, who is the protagonist?","back":"The main client whose issue is explored.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The main client whose issue is explored.","correct":true,"explanation":"The protagonist is the central participant in the enactment: the main client whose personal conflict or issue is selected for exploration during the session."},{"text":"The trained therapist who directs the session.","correct":false,"explanation":"The therapist who organises and guides the enactment is the director, not the protagonist. The protagonist is the main client whose issue is explored."},{"text":"The supporting client who plays another person.","correct":false,"explanation":"Participants who portray significant people or inner parts are auxiliary egos. The protagonist is instead the main client whose issue is being explored."},{"text":"The group observer who watches the enactment.","correct":false,"explanation":"Observers may form the audience and respond to the enactment, but they are not the protagonist. The protagonist is the main client whose issue is explored."}]},{"id":"10741453-654d-4d5a-8fca-b13a17c6c497","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In psychodrama, who guides the session?","back":"The director.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The director.","correct":true,"explanation":"The director is usually a trained therapist who structures the enactment, selects suitable techniques, supports participants and guides the psychodrama session."},{"text":"The protagonist.","correct":false,"explanation":"The protagonist is the main client whose issue is enacted, not the person responsible for guiding proceedings. The session is guided by the director."},{"text":"The auxiliary ego.","correct":false,"explanation":"An auxiliary ego plays another person or an aspect of the protagonist’s inner world. The director, usually the therapist, guides the session."},{"text":"The audience.","correct":false,"explanation":"The audience observes and may share responses after the enactment, but it does not guide the therapeutic process. That responsibility belongs to the director."}]},{"id":"9a6232e1-f3cb-4189-9fae-b1c8d89533ed","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What do auxiliary egos do in psychodrama?","back":"They play important people or inner-world parts.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They play important people or inner-world parts.","correct":true,"explanation":"Auxiliary egos support the enactment by portraying significant people in the protagonist’s life or personifying feelings, thoughts and other parts of the inner world."},{"text":"They guide the whole session or choose each scene.","correct":false,"explanation":"Guiding and structuring the session is the director’s responsibility. Auxiliary egos instead play important people or parts of the protagonist’s inner world."},{"text":"They present the main conflict or explore their issue.","correct":false,"explanation":"The protagonist presents and explores the central personal conflict. Auxiliary egos support that exploration by playing important people or inner-world parts."},{"text":"They watch the enactment or give group feedback.","correct":false,"explanation":"Audience members may observe and later respond, but auxiliary egos participate directly in the drama by playing important people or inner-world parts."}]},{"id":"b820e753-952d-47fc-8db3-f3ea89de2fe3","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"In [ ], the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from [ ].","back":"In role reversal, the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from another perspective.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"In role reversal, the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from another perspective.","correct":true,"explanation":"Role reversal requires the protagonist to exchange roles with another person in the enactment, helping them experience the interaction from another perspective."},{"text":"In mirroring, the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from another perspective.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mirroring involves watching another participant reproduce one’s behaviour rather than swapping roles. Swapping roles to gain another perspective is called role reversal."},{"text":"In role reversal, the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from their original perspective.","correct":false,"explanation":"Role reversal is the correct technique, but its purpose is to understand another perspective rather than merely reinforcing the protagonist’s existing viewpoint."},{"text":"In soliloquy, the protagonist swaps roles to see the relationship from their original perspective.","correct":false,"explanation":"A soliloquy involves speaking private thoughts aloud and does not require swapping roles. Role reversal allows the relationship to be viewed from another perspective."}]},{"id":"ec67ad29-243a-41c9-b727-25373637d787","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens during doubling in psychodrama?","back":"Another member voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Another member voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express.","correct":true,"explanation":"Doubling involves another group member speaking the protagonist’s unexpressed feelings, helping bring difficult emotions into the psychodrama without requiring the protagonist to formulate them alone."},{"text":"The protagonist voices feelings another member struggles to express.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses the roles involved in doubling. The correct process is that another member voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express, giving the protagonist an alternative way to explore them."},{"text":"The therapist voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express.","correct":false,"explanation":"The therapist is not necessarily the person who performs doubling. Another group member voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express, supporting emotional exploration within the group."},{"text":"Another member repeats thoughts the protagonist has already expressed.","correct":false,"explanation":"Repeating already expressed thoughts is not the purpose of doubling. Another member voices feelings the protagonist struggles to express, making less accessible emotions more explicit."}]},{"id":"39cc3a15-8814-4420-b011-39c208ca7f1c","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens during mirroring in psychodrama?","back":"The protagonist watches someone else act out their behaviour.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The protagonist watches someone else act out their behaviour.","correct":true,"explanation":"In mirroring, another person acts out the protagonist’s behaviour while the protagonist observes it. This can help the protagonist gain psychological distance and notice aspects of their behaviour."},{"text":"Someone else watches the protagonist act out their behaviour.","correct":false,"explanation":"This reverses who observes whom. In mirroring, someone else acts out the protagonist’s behaviour, and the protagonist watches it to gain a different perspective on themselves."},{"text":"The protagonist acts out someone else’s behaviour.","correct":false,"explanation":"Mirroring focuses on the protagonist seeing their own behaviour represented by another person, not copying another individual’s behaviour themselves. The altered viewpoint is central to the technique."},{"text":"The therapist describes the protagonist’s behaviour.","correct":false,"explanation":"A verbal description by the therapist is not mirroring. The protagonist watches someone else act out their behaviour, which makes the behaviour observable from an external perspective."}]},{"id":"3d15c4c3-2339-48db-ad5e-a08ef4eb62e1","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can psychodynamic therapies be described as holistic?","back":"They consider the whole person: childhood, relationships and emotions.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They consider the whole person: childhood, relationships and emotions.","correct":true,"explanation":"Psychodynamic therapies are holistic because they examine several interconnected aspects of an individual rather than concentrating only on a single symptom or immediate behaviour."},{"text":"They consider the unconscious mind: instincts, conflicts and dreams.","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes psychodynamic theory’s focus on unconscious processes rather than its holistic nature. A holistic approach considers the whole person, including childhood, relationships and emotions."},{"text":"They consider the present symptoms: thoughts, behaviours and diagnosis.","correct":false,"explanation":"Focusing mainly on current symptoms and diagnosis is narrower than a holistic approach. Psychodynamic therapies consider the whole person, including childhood, relationships and emotions."},{"text":"They consider the biological causes: genes, hormones and brain activity.","correct":false,"explanation":"This is a biological explanation rather than a holistic psychodynamic one. The holistic claim refers to considering the whole person: childhood, relationships and emotions."}]},{"id":"76e0538e-4a04-499f-b35c-436d4c79e0f0","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How should Freud’s Little Hans case be used as evidence?","back":"It illustrates interpretation, but is not conclusive proof.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It illustrates interpretation, but is not conclusive proof.","correct":true,"explanation":"Little Hans provides an example supporting psychodynamic interpretation, but it is a single case study with limited generalisability, so it cannot provide conclusive proof of Freud’s explanation."},{"text":"It proves interpretation and confirms Freud’s theory conclusively.","correct":false,"explanation":"A single case study cannot conclusively prove a theory because it lacks a large, representative sample and may involve subjective interpretation. Little Hans illustrates interpretation but is not conclusive proof."},{"text":"It disproves interpretation because the phobia had a behavioural cause.","correct":false,"explanation":"The case was used to support, not disprove, psychodynamic interpretation. However, it remains illustrative rather than conclusive because alternative explanations and case-study limitations remain."},{"text":"It illustrates behaviour therapy, providing conclusive proof.","correct":false,"explanation":"Little Hans is associated with Freud’s psychodynamic interpretation, not behaviour therapy. It illustrates interpretation, but a single case cannot establish conclusive proof."}]},{"id":"09dbb406-9dd7-4332-8918-51833cfb6cdd","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can subjectivity reduce reliability in psychodynamic therapy?","back":"Therapists may interpret the same material differently.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Therapists may interpret the same material differently.","correct":true,"explanation":"Psychodynamic material often requires subjective interpretation, so different therapists may draw different conclusions from the same dreams, memories or statements, reducing consistency and reliability."},{"text":"Therapists may interpret different material identically.","correct":false,"explanation":"Identical interpretations of different material would not necessarily reduce reliability. The problem is that therapists may interpret the same material differently, producing inconsistent conclusions."},{"text":"Clients may interpret the same material differently.","correct":false,"explanation":"Although clients can have different perspectives, the reliability concern here concerns professional judgement. Therapists may interpret the same material differently, making assessments less consistent."},{"text":"Therapists may measure the same material objectively.","correct":false,"explanation":"Objective measurement would generally improve reliability rather than reduce it. Subjectivity creates the problem because therapists may interpret the same material differently."}]},{"id":"c2d45a2c-8ff8-4f87-914a-a3b3cb2854a8","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of [ ], weakening Freud’s claim about [ ].","back":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of random neural activity, weakening Freud’s claim about hidden wishes.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of random neural activity, weakening Freud’s claim about hidden wishes.","correct":true,"explanation":"Activation-synthesis theory proposes that the brain constructs dreams from random neural activity during sleep, challenging Freud’s view that dreams primarily express hidden wishes."},{"text":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of external sensory input, weakening Freud’s claim about hidden wishes.","correct":false,"explanation":"The theory focuses on internally generated random neural activity, not mainly external sensory input. It weakens Freud’s claim about hidden wishes because dreams may arise from brain activity instead."},{"text":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of random neural activity, weakening Freud’s claim about conscious thoughts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Freud’s relevant claim concerns hidden wishes, often understood as unconscious motives, rather than ordinary conscious thoughts. Activation-synthesis theory challenges the idea that dreams express hidden wishes."},{"text":"Activation-synthesis theory says dreams may reflect the brain making sense of organised neural activity, weakening Freud’s claim about unresolved conflicts.","correct":false,"explanation":"Activation-synthesis theory refers to random neural activity, not organised activity, and the specific Freudian claim being challenged here is that dreams reveal hidden wishes."}]},{"id":"86f618d1-598c-4ba6-95d7-e09872768596","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What practical limitation can psychodynamic therapies have?","back":"They can be time-consuming and expensive.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"They can be time-consuming and expensive.","correct":true,"explanation":"Psychodynamic therapies may involve lengthy treatment and frequent sessions, creating a substantial financial and time commitment for both clients and therapists."},{"text":"They can be brief and inexpensive.","correct":false,"explanation":"Psychodynamic therapies often require considerable time and therapist involvement, which can increase financial cost. Their practical limitation is that they can be time-consuming and expensive."},{"text":"They can be time-consuming but free.","correct":false,"explanation":"The time commitment is plausible, but therapy generally involves financial costs rather than being free. The recognised limitation is that psychodynamic therapies can be time-consuming and expensive."},{"text":"They can be quick and expensive.","correct":false,"explanation":"Expense may be a limitation, but describing the therapy as quick misses the substantial time often needed for insight and exploration. They can be time-consuming and expensive."}]},{"id":"ac7a78ec-75fa-4e9f-b710-e6ad9daecd9d","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is confidentiality especially important in group psychodrama?","back":"Group members hear personal information.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Group members hear personal information.","correct":true,"explanation":"Confidentiality is especially important because psychodrama involves sharing personal experiences and emotions in front of other group members, who must not disclose that information outside the group."},{"text":"Group members hear general information.","correct":false,"explanation":"Psychodrama commonly involves personal experiences rather than only general information. Confidentiality matters because group members hear personal information that could harm participants if disclosed."},{"text":"Only therapists hear personal information.","correct":false,"explanation":"In group psychodrama, other participants also hear the protagonist’s personal material. Confidentiality is therefore essential to protect personal information shared within the group."},{"text":"Group members hear personal information privately.","correct":false,"explanation":"Group members hear personal information in a shared group setting, not privately. Because several participants receive that information, confidentiality is needed to prevent disclosure beyond the group."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-18","paperLabel":"Component 1"},"heading":"Psychodynamic approach: therapy","title":"Psychodynamic approach: therapy Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/a-level/psychology/eduqas/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"ccd0b472-df73-5f85-8756-4d8f447e9fa2","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]