Liam and Callum are competitive teenage brothers. When preparing for coding competitions at school, they practice programming late into the night to try and achieve higher scores than each other. Their parents give them expensive tech upgrades for achieving top marks in these competitions.
Both brothers train at a local martial arts club competing in sparring tournaments. Their parents praise them highly when they win matches. In a recent tournament, Liam came first and Callum came second. Liam was congratulated and cheered on by a group of female peers. Callum became extremely angry and shoved Liam roughly to the ground.
Evaluate how far operant conditioning and the role of hormones could explain Callum's and Liam's behaviour.
You must make reference to the context in your answer.
205 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Content, covering Main features of classical conditioning, Pavlov (1927) salivation in dogs, Main features of operant conditioning, Properties of reinforcement, Behaviour modification and shaping, Main features of social learning theory, Social learning stages, Bandura (1961, 1963) Bobo doll experiments, Bandura (1965) vicarious reinforcement, Learning theories and phobias, Treatments for phobias, Individual differences, and Developmental psychology. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.