Researchers investigated how different reinforcement schedules and aversive consequences influence instrumental learning in capuchin monkeys.
Monkeys were trained to tap a sequence of three distinct shapes (Triangle, Circle, Square) on a touchscreen device. Each monkey was randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions:
The table below shows the mean response rates and accuracy during the final 15-minute experimental session.
| Condition | Mean number of attempted touch sequences (in 15 minutes) | Mean number of correct touch sequences (in 15 minutes) |
|---|---|---|
| Condition Alpha | 62 | 51 |
| Condition Beta | 110 | 92 |
| Condition Gamma | 35 | 24 |
| Condition Delta | 8 | 2 |
Using your knowledge of operant conditioning, explain how reinforcement schedules and punishment can account for the differences in behavior shown by the monkeys across the four conditions.
205 exam-style questions on Edexcel A Level Psychology Content, covering Main features of classical conditioning, Pavlov (1927) salivation in dogs, Main features of operant conditioning, Properties of reinforcement, Behaviour modification and shaping, Main features of social learning theory, Social learning stages, Bandura (1961, 1963) Bobo doll experiments, Bandura (1965) vicarious reinforcement, Learning theories and phobias, Treatments for phobias, Individual differences, and Developmental psychology. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.