Researchers wanted to investigate the relationship between different linguistic skills in undergraduate language learners. They selected eight students studying intermediate French who all had the exact same level of prior study. The students completed two tasks:

• Task 1: A vocabulary recall test where they had to write down the English translation of 30 specialized French terms. This provided a vocabulary score out of 30.
• Task 2: A reading-aloud task where they read a short French passage. This reading was recorded and graded by an independent native lecturer who rated their pronunciation fluency on a scale of 1 to 10 (where 10 is near-native pronunciation fluency).

The following results were obtained:

Table 1: Vocabulary recall scores and pronunciation fluency ratings of language learners