Some researchers argue that extreme risk-taking is driven by an inherited variant of the DRD4 gene that alters dopamine pathways in the brain. Other psychologists propose that thrill-seeking is learned through growing up in an environment where parents constantly praise daring physical stunts, or where social media peers actively reward reckless actions. Finally, there are theorists who suggest that high-risk behaviour is an unconscious ego defence mechanism designed to cope with deeply repressed feelings of inadequacy stemming from early childhood.
With reference to the item above, explain what is meant by 'determinism'. Refer to three types of determinism in your answer.
18 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Free will and determinism. Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.