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The big picture

The big picture

Flowchart showing demand characteristics and investigator effects as two routes of research bias, with standardised procedures, single-blind and double-blind shown as controls

In experiments, the independent variable is what the researcher changes and the dependent variable is what they measure. If participants or researchers alter the dependent variable for other reasons, the study can look as if the IV caused an effect when it did not.

Demand characteristics and investigator effects Lesson

  1. A Level
  2. /Psychology
  3. /Demand characteristics and investigator effects

Lessons