A young child, Leo, is afraid of going to the doctor. This fear developed after he received a painful injection during a visit. Now, whenever Leo's father mentions going to the doctor, Leo begins to cry and run away. His father sometimes gives Leo a sweet to calm him down, which stops Leo from crying temporarily, but Leo's tendency to cry and run away has increased over time.
Outline and compare classical conditioning and operant conditioning as explanations of Leo's behaviour.
248 exam-style questions on AQA A Level Psychology Approaches in Psychology, covering Learning approaches, Cognitive approach, Biological approach, Psychodynamic approach (A-level only), Humanistic Psychology (A-level only), and Comparison of approaches (A-level only). Each one has a worked solution and a mark scheme showing where the marks go.