In the 1800s, the atom was considered to be a fundamental particle. Modern physics shows that this is not correct.
Describe the fundamental particles within an atom of oxygen-18 (818O^{18}_{8}\text{O}818O). In your answer, state the composition of the hadrons.
The half-life of lead-210 (82210Pb^{210}_{82}\text{Pb}82210Pb) is 22.3 years22.3\text{ years}22.3 years (y\text{y}y).
Show that the decay constant λ\lambdaλ for this isotope is about 3.1×10−2 y−13.1 \times 10^{-2}\text{ y}^{-1}3.1×10−2 y−1.
Lead-210 dating is a technique used to date layers of glacial ice. The activity of lead-210 in a deep ice core sample is 28%28\%28% of the activity found in newly deposited surface snow. Calculate the age in years of this core sample.
State one assumption made in the calculation in (ii).