State how the magnitude and nature (repulsive or attractive) of the strong nuclear force between two nucleons varies as their separation distance, rrr, increases from 000 to values greater than 4 fm4\text{ fm}4 fm.
Identify the only baryon that is stable when free (not bound within a nucleus), and state its quark structure.
Write a decay equation representing beta-minus (β−\beta^-β−) decay in terms of the fundamental quarks and leptons involved.
A nucleus with nucleon number AAA can be modeled as a sphere of radius R=r0A1/3R = r_0 A^{1/3}R=r0A1/3, where r0r_0r0 is a constant.
By first expressing the volume VVV of the nucleus in terms of AAA, show that the nuclear density ρ0\rho_0ρ0 is constant (independent of AAA) and is given by:
ρ0=3mn4πr03 \rho_0 = \frac{3m_n}{4\pi r_0^3} ρ0=4πr033mnwhere mnm_nmn is the average mass of an individual nucleon.
