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Refraction and total internal reflection
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Rays, boundaries and the normal

Rays, boundaries and the normal

Ray diagram of light going from air into glass with the normal, incident angle and refracted angle labelled A ray shows the direction that light energy travels. At a boundary between two materials, draw a normal at right angles to the surface and measure every angle from that normal.

Refraction and total internal reflection Lesson

  1. A Level
  2. /Physics
  3. /Refraction and total internal reflection

Step-by-step lessons on Edexcel A Level Physics Refraction and total internal reflection. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Physics is one of the most mathematically demanding A Levels -- at least 40% of the marks across the three papers require maths skills at Level 2 (GCSE) standard or above, so build calculation and graph-handling fluency alongside the conceptual content from the start.

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