From plum pudding to the nuclear atom
From plum pudding to the nuclear atom

Before Rutherford, the plum pudding model pictured positive charge spread through the atom with electrons embedded in it. Alpha scattering tested whether that positive charge was diffuse or concentrated.
Step-by-step lessons on Edexcel A Level Physics Nuclear atom and alpha scattering. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Physics is one of the most mathematically demanding A Levels -- at least 40% of the marks across the three papers require maths skills at Level 2 (GCSE) standard or above, so build calculation and graph-handling fluency alongside the conceptual content from the start.