Internal energy in the particle model
Internal energy in the particle model

A system is the object or gas sample we choose to study. Its internal energy is the total random kinetic energy and potential energy of its particles.
Step-by-step lessons covering Edexcel A Level Physics Internal energy and kinetic theory for A Level Physics. Each lesson works through exam-style questions in Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3 format. Physics is one of the most mathematically demanding A Levels -- at least 40% of the marks across the three papers require maths skills at Level 2 (GCSE) standard or above, so build calculation and graph-handling fluency alongside the conceptual content from the start.