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Absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation
Best possible emitter at a given temperature

","mcqOptions":[{"text":"

Absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation
Best possible emitter at a given temperature

","correct":true,"explanation":"An ideal black body absorbs every wavelength incident upon it. By Kirchhoff’s law, this perfect absorptivity also makes it the greatest possible emitter at any given temperature."},{"text":"

Reflects all incident electromagnetic radiation
Worst possible emitter at a given temperature

","correct":false,"explanation":"This confuses a black body with a perfect reflector, which absorbs no radiation. A black body absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and is the best possible emitter at a given temperature."},{"text":"

Absorbs only visible incident electromagnetic radiation
Best possible emitter at a given temperature

","correct":false,"explanation":"The word “black” can misleadingly suggest absorption only within the visible spectrum. An ideal black body absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of wavelength, and is the best possible emitter."},{"text":"

Absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation
Worst possible emitter at a given temperature

","correct":false,"explanation":"This incorrectly treats absorption and emission as opposing abilities. Kirchhoff’s law links them: a perfect absorber is also the best possible emitter at the same temperature."}]},{"id":"aafd1849-e65e-48fc-96fe-2f5421d5a84c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does a small hole in a cavity act as a practical black body?","back":"

Radiation enters and reflects many times inside
It is extremely unlikely to escape

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Radiation enters and reflects many times inside
It is extremely unlikely to escape

","correct":true,"explanation":"Radiation entering the small hole undergoes many reflections within the cavity, giving repeated opportunities for absorption by the walls. It is therefore very unlikely to escape again."},{"text":"

Radiation enters and reflects only once inside
It is extremely likely to escape

","correct":false,"explanation":"This overlooks the cavity’s geometry and repeated internal reflections. Radiation reflects many times, making absorption increasingly likely and escape through the small hole extremely unlikely."},{"text":"

Radiation enters and travels straight through inside
It is extremely unlikely to interact

","correct":false,"explanation":"A cavity does not allow incoming radiation simply to pass through without interaction. The radiation reflects many times from the internal walls and is very unlikely to escape."},{"text":"

Radiation enters and reflects many times inside
It is extremely likely to escape

","correct":false,"explanation":"Repeated reflections do not make escape more likely; they increase the opportunities for the cavity walls to absorb the radiation. Consequently, escape through the small hole is extremely unlikely."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-21","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"Black-body radiation","title":"Black-body radiation Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/a-level/physics/edexcel/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L37"}]}],"topicId":"7bc8e633-23b9-5056-9109-9553ac9f738f","walled":"$L38"}],"$L39","$L3a"]