What an ECG machine measures
What an ECG machine measures

An electrocardiogram, or ECG, records the tiny voltage changes produced when waves of electrical activity called depolarisation and repolarisation spread through the heart. By the time the signal reaches the skin it is only about 111 to 2 mV2^{~}\text{mV}2 mV, so a simple ECG machine must detect a very weak signal.
Step-by-step lessons on AQA A Level Physics Simple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveform (A-level only). Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Physics is one of the most mathematically demanding A Levels -- at least 40% of the marks require maths skills at Level 2 (GCSE) standard or above, so build calculation and graph-handling fluency alongside the conceptual content from the start.