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From observation to explanation

Brownian motion of a pollen grain in water being hit unevenly by many water molecules, with a zigzag path labelled Brownian motion is the continuous random motion of visible particles, such as pollen grains or smoke, suspended in a fluid. The zigzag path happens because countless invisible molecules hit the larger particle unevenly, giving strong evidence that atoms and molecules exist.

Molecular kinetic theory model (A-level only) Lesson