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1.7.20 Constructing differential equations (A-level only)

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Question 33
i.

A spherical drop of industrial lubricant is being injected into a precision-engineered cavity. The volume, VVV, of the drop is increasing at a constant rate of 180π mm3 s−1180\pi \text{ mm}^3\text{ s}^{-1}180π mm3 s−1. Calculate the rate of increase of the radius, rrr, of the drop in mm s−1 \text{mm s}^{-1}mm s−1 at the moment when the radius is exactly 3 mm3 \text{ mm}3 mm. [The volume VVV of a sphere of radius rrr is given by V=43πr3V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3V=34​πr3]

[5]
ii.

The depth of sediment, y metresy \text{ metres}y metres, settling at the bottom of an industrial filtration tank is monitored. The rate of change of the depth of the sediment is modeled by the differential equation

dydt=ky2 \frac{\text{d}y}{\text{d}t} = \frac{k}{y^2} dtdy​=y2k​

where kkk is a positive constant and ttt hours is the time after monitoring began. Given that:

  • at the start of monitoring (t=0t = 0t=0), the sediment depth was 2 metres2 \text{ metres}2 metres.
  • after 555 hours of monitoring, the sediment depth had reached 4 metres4 \text{ metres}4 metres.
  • after TTT hours of monitoring, the sediment depth reached 6 metres6 \text{ metres}6 metres.

Solve the differential equation to determine the value of TTT. Give your answer to one decimal place.

[8]

1.7.20 Constructing differential equations (A-level only) Questions

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