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4 Unit A2 2: Applied Mathematics (A-level only)

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Question 332

A cybersecurity firm analyzed 120 security incidents recorded in a single month. Each incident was categorized by its severity level: Low (LLL), Medium (MMM), or High (HHH). The firm tracked four specific types of threats: Phishing, Malware, DDoS, and Data Breach. The total counts for each severity category were 30 incidents of Low severity, 50 of Medium severity, and 40 of High severity. The occurrences are detailed in the table below:

Threat CategoryLow severity (L)Medium severity (M)High severity (H)Phishing81222Malware101518DDoS253510Data Breach587 \begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Threat Category} & \text{Low severity } (L) & \text{Medium severity } (M) & \text{High severity } (H) \\ \hline \text{Phishing} & 8 & 12 & 22 \\ \hline \text{Malware} & 10 & 15 & 18 \\ \hline \text{DDoS} & 25 & 35 & 10 \\ \hline \text{Data Breach} & 5 & 8 & 7 \\ \hline \end{array} Threat CategoryPhishingMalwareDDoSData Breach​Low severity (L)810255​Medium severity (M)1215358​High severity (H)2218107​​
a.

Determine the probability that a randomly selected security incident from this study: (i) is a Malware threat and has High severity; (ii) is a DDoS threat; (iii) is a Phishing threat, given that it has Medium severity.

[5]
b.

For the incidents classified as Low severity, explain why the events 'is a Malware threat' and 'is a DDoS threat' are not mutually exclusive.

[3]
Markscheme

4 Unit A2 2: Applied Mathematics (A-level only) Questions

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