Which of the following represents an external cost of production arising from the operation of a commercial lithium-ion battery recycling plant?
The expenditure incurred by the plant operator on specialized high-temperature protective gear for its chemical technicians
The respiratory illnesses developed by nearby residents due to accidental emissions of toxic cobalt dust during processing
The disposal fees paid by the operator to a licensed facility for discarding non-recyclable slag
The insurance premium paid by the firm to cover the risk of accidental fire damage to its facility
