Opportunity cost

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Question 9
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The Aegean High-Speed Ferry Sector

The Aegean Sea’s high-speed passenger ferry sector has seen significant growth, with major operator SeaJets reporting ticket revenues of €185 million for the season ending October 2023. As one of the largest operators in the Cyclades, SeaJets faces intense competition from other ferry lines (Blue Star Ferries and Golden Star Ferries), domestic flights, and private charter services.

Table 1 – Cyclades High-Speed Passenger Journeys (millions)

Operator202120222023
SeaJets2.14.85.9
Blue Star Ferries3.56.27.4
Minoan Lines1.22.43.1
Golden Star Ferries0.81.51.9
Fast Ferries0.51.11.4

SeaJets operates key routes from Piraeus and Rafina, filling an average of 85% of its passenger capacity during the peak summer months of July and August. Traditionally, ferry operators have targeted a capacity utilization rate of around 75% to balance passenger comfort with vessel operational efficiency.

To manage high seasonal demand, ferry operators have adopted dynamic pricing systems where ticket prices rise sharply as the departure date approaches. Table 2 shows how prices quoted for two main routes were significantly lower if booked on 10 February 2023 compared to 5 June 2023.

Table 2 – Standard Single passenger ferry prices quoted on different dates

RouteDate when price was quotedDate of travel
15 June 20231 August 202320 September 2023
Athens to Santorini10 February 2023€55€70€48
5 June 2023€135€115€72
Athens to Mykonos10 February 2023€42€50€35
5 June 2023€88€78€52

On most routes, passengers can choose between standard salon seats or pay a premium for additional amenities such as business class lounge access, private cabins, and priority boarding.

Table 3 – Ticket options and add-ons for Athens to Santorini (to travel on 1 August 2023)

OperatorBasic priceReserved Aircraft-type SeatBusiness Class Lounge & Buffet
SeaJets€70Free€45
Blue Star Ferries€85Free€50
Golden Star Ferries€62€5€35

Using Table 2, explain the concept of opportunity cost.

[2]

Opportunity cost Questions

  1. A Level
  2. /Economics
  3. /Opportunity cost