During a period of economic transition, a country's central bank expands the money supply (MMM) by 15.0%. Concurrently, due to the widespread adoption of digital banking, the velocity of circulation (VVV) increases by 5.0%, while technological advancements lead to an increase in real output (YYY) of 8.0%.
Using the classical Quantity Theory of Money (MV=PYMV = PYMV=PY), what is the exact percentage change in the price level (PPP) over this period?
An increase of 11.8%11.8\%11.8%
An increase of 12.0%12.0\%12.0%
An increase of 18.3%18.3\%18.3%
A decrease of 10.6%10.6\%10.6%