An economy is experiencing various labor market changes, resulting in the unemployment of four individuals:

• Amara has voluntarily resigned from her position as a corporate lawyer to seek a partner role at a different firm.
• Ben has been laid off from an automotive assembly plant that closed permanently due to a shift towards automated manufacturing, and his skills do not match available high-tech vacancies.
• Chloe is a ski instructor who cannot find work during the summer season.
• David lost his construction job because a severe macroeconomic contraction has led to a collapse in overall aggregate demand.

Which of the following options correctly identifies the type of unemployment experienced by each individual?