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Actual output may lie inside it when resources are unemployed or used inefficiently."}]},{"id":"381d726f-7744-4a16-a50a-af14f1137d30","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does each axis of a PPF represent?","back":"The two goods or types of good being produced.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The two goods or types of good being produced.","correct":true,"explanation":"The horizontal and vertical axes identify the two goods, or categories of goods, whose possible production combinations are being compared."},{"text":"The resources and factors of production being used.","correct":false,"explanation":"Resources determine the frontier but are not normally represented on its axes. The axes show the quantities of the two goods being produced."},{"text":"The costs and benefits of production being considered.","correct":false,"explanation":"Costs and benefits may influence the chosen point, but the axes measure output quantities. They do not directly display the economy’s costs or benefits."},{"text":"The prices of the two goods being charged.","correct":false,"explanation":"A PPF is a production model, so its axes measure quantities of output. Prices belong to market diagrams and do not define the frontier’s axes."}]},{"id":"197bf2ce-0953-40af-a197-5b23da9acc17","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why is a point on a PPF productively efficient?","back":"A point on the frontier is productively efficient because all resources are fully and well used.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A point on the frontier is productively efficient because all resources are fully and well used.","correct":true,"explanation":"Points on the frontier represent the maximum output combinations available from current resources and technology, implying that resources are fully and efficiently employed."},{"text":"A point inside the frontier is productively efficient because some resources remain available.","correct":false,"explanation":"A point inside the frontier indicates spare capacity, unemployment, or waste. Moving towards the frontier could raise output without needing additional resources."},{"text":"A point beyond the frontier is productively efficient because it maximises both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"A point beyond the frontier cannot currently be achieved. It could become attainable after growth, but it cannot demonstrate present productive efficiency."},{"text":"A point on the frontier is productively efficient because society prefers that combination.","correct":false,"explanation":"Being on the frontier concerns maximum production, not preferences. Society’s preferred combination determines allocative efficiency, which may occur at only one frontier point."}]},{"id":"e7ff8d21-7baf-471d-bcb4-0f3201d6cef0","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does a point inside the PPF indicate?","back":"Resources are unused or wasted, so the economy is productively inefficient.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Resources are unused or wasted, so the economy is productively inefficient.","correct":true,"explanation":"An interior point leaves potential output unrealised. This suggests unemployment, underused resources, or inefficient production, so the economy is not productively efficient."},{"text":"Resources are fully and efficiently used, so the economy is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Full and efficient resource use is represented by a point on the frontier. An interior point indicates that more output could be produced with existing resources."},{"text":"Resources are insufficient to produce either good, so the economy is productively inefficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"An interior point is attainable, so resources are sufficient for that output. The problem is underuse or waste, not an inability to produce either good."},{"text":"Resources are newly created through economic growth, so the economy is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Economic growth shifts the frontier outward; it does not describe an interior point. Inside the frontier, existing productive capacity is not being fully used."}]},{"id":"c1651283-b024-4450-8adc-2e97190aa3d3","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does a point beyond the PPF indicate?","back":"It is unattainable with current resources and technology.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It is unattainable with current resources and technology.","correct":true,"explanation":"A point beyond the frontier requires more productive capacity than the economy currently possesses, so it cannot be reached without improved resources or technology."},{"text":"It is attainable but productively inefficient with current resources and technology.","correct":false,"explanation":"Attainable but inefficient combinations lie inside the frontier. A point beyond it exceeds current capacity and is therefore unattainable at present."},{"text":"It is allocatively efficient with current resources and technology.","correct":false,"explanation":"Allocative efficiency concerns whether output matches society’s preferences. A point beyond the frontier cannot currently be produced, regardless of whether it would be preferred."},{"text":"It is productive capacity that is fully used with current resources and technology.","correct":false,"explanation":"Full use of current capacity places production on the frontier. A point beyond it represents output that current resources and technology cannot deliver."}]},{"id":"335641b6-8b79-468c-a14f-2870338337a2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"What would allow an economy to reach a point beyond its current PPF?","back":"It would require economic growth, shifting the frontier outward.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"It would require economic growth, shifting the frontier outward.","correct":true,"explanation":"Economic growth increases productive potential through better technology, more resources, or improved productivity, allowing combinations previously beyond the frontier to become attainable."},{"text":"It would require economic decline, shifting the frontier outward.","correct":false,"explanation":"Economic decline reduces productive capacity and shifts the frontier inward. An outward shift requires increased potential output, which is associated with economic growth."},{"text":"It would require higher prices, shifting the frontier outward.","correct":false,"explanation":"Higher prices may change incentives or demand, but they do not directly increase productive capacity. An outward PPF shift requires growth in resources, technology, or productivity."},{"text":"It would require lower opportunity cost, shifting the frontier outward.","correct":false,"explanation":"A lower opportunity cost can alter the frontier’s shape or slope, but it does not necessarily expand total capacity. Growth is what shifts the frontier outward."}]},{"id":"5053874e-59d3-431c-9ce7-a9f24ffd97b2","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"How does movement along a PPF illustrate opportunity cost?","back":"Producing more of one good requires giving up some output of the other good.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Producing more of one good requires giving up some output of the other good.","correct":true,"explanation":"Movement along the frontier reallocates scarce resources. Increasing one good therefore means sacrificing some production of the other, which is the opportunity cost."},{"text":"Producing more of one good requires giving up some output of the same good.","correct":false,"explanation":"Output of the same good cannot be its own opportunity cost in this model. The sacrificed output is from the alternative good that resources could have produced."},{"text":"Producing more of one good requires giving up some output of the unused resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"Resources are inputs, not the forgone output measured as opportunity cost. The cost of producing more is the quantity of the other good sacrificed."},{"text":"Producing more of one good requires giving up some output of the total economy.","correct":false,"explanation":"Total output need not fall when moving along a PPF. The trade-off is between the two goods, with one rising as the other falls."}]},{"id":"05f37bee-3409-4bc1-b5ae-bfe38a7f7397","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What happens when an economy moves along its PPF?","back":"Resources are reallocated between the two goods.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Resources are reallocated between the two goods.","correct":true,"explanation":"Moving along a fixed frontier changes the combination produced by transferring existing labour, capital, land, or enterprise between the two goods."},{"text":"Resources are created for both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"A movement along the existing frontier does not increase the total resources available. It changes how existing resources are allocated between the goods."},{"text":"Resources are destroyed from both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Resource destruction would reduce productive capacity and could shift the frontier inward. Movement along the frontier is an allocation change, not destruction."},{"text":"Resources are removed from production of both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Removing resources would usually create an interior outcome or reduce capacity. Along the frontier, resources remain fully employed but are transferred between goods."}]},{"id":"4d77bf1b-ebd1-4f69-a12e-620bffd2f430","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does a shift of the PPF represent?","back":"A shift changes the economy's total productive capacity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A shift changes the economy's total productive capacity.","correct":true,"explanation":"A PPF shift shows that the maximum output combinations have changed, usually because resources, technology, productivity, or other productive conditions have changed."},{"text":"A movement changes the economy's total productive capacity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Movement along the frontier changes the output mix while capacity stays fixed. A shift, rather than movement, indicates a change in total productive potential."},{"text":"A price change changes the economy's total productive capacity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Price changes may affect demand and the chosen output combination, but they do not normally alter the economy’s total productive capacity represented by the frontier."},{"text":"A preference change changes the economy's total productive capacity.","correct":false,"explanation":"Changing preferences can alter allocative choices, but it does not by itself change productive capacity. Capacity changes are shown by a shift of the PPF."}]},{"id":"948bce42-4e27-4080-9de8-26efaf14019c","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why does opportunity cost usually rise along an outward-bowed PPF?","back":"Because factors of production are not equally suited to producing both goods.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Because factors of production are not equally suited to producing both goods.","correct":true,"explanation":"As production shifts towards one good, increasingly unsuitable resources must be transferred from the other. Each additional unit therefore sacrifices progressively more of the alternative good."},{"text":"Because factors of production are equally suited to producing both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Equal suitability would produce a constant opportunity cost and usually a straight-line frontier. Rising opportunity cost requires resources to differ in suitability."},{"text":"Because factors of production are fixed in one industry and cannot be transferred.","correct":false,"explanation":"If factors could not transfer at all, changing output combinations would be impossible. Rising opportunity cost results from transferability combined with differing suitability."},{"text":"Because factors of production are increasingly productive in both industries.","correct":false,"explanation":"Increasing productivity would tend to reduce the resources needed for output, not explain rising trade-offs. The key cause is that factors vary in suitability between industries."}]},{"id":"6dd8d5c8-11da-4928-9916-218714fcc791","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In the example, what is the opportunity cost of moving from A to B?","back":"The first 10 healthcare units cost 10 education units: $100 - 90 = 10$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The first 10 healthcare units cost 10 education units: $100 - 90 = 10$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Moving from A to B raises healthcare by 10 units while education falls from 100 to 90 units. The forgone education output is therefore 10 units."},{"text":"The first 10 healthcare units cost 10 education units: $90 - 100 = 10$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The magnitude is correct, but the subtraction is reversed and gives negative ten mathematically. The opportunity cost is calculated as the education output lost: $100 - 90 = 10$."},{"text":"The first 10 healthcare units cost 90 education units: $100 - 10 = 90$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This subtracts the healthcare increase from the initial education output, mixing the two axes. Compare education at A and B directly: $100 - 90 = 10$ units."},{"text":"The first 10 healthcare units cost 20 education units: $100 - 80 = 20$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This uses an education value not associated with point B, creating an incorrect endpoint comparison. Education falls from 100 to 90, so the cost is 10 units."}]},{"id":"a4543c80-4a4d-4f16-9904-7bb132861bd4","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"In the example, what is the opportunity cost of moving from C to D?","back":"The extra 10 healthcare units cost 30 education units: $70 - 40 = 30$.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"The extra 10 healthcare units cost 30 education units: $70 - 40 = 30$.","correct":true,"explanation":"Moving from C to D increases healthcare by 10 units while education falls from 70 to 40 units. The opportunity cost is therefore 30 education units."},{"text":"The extra 10 healthcare units cost 30 education units: $40 - 70 = 30$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The endpoint order is reversed, which would produce negative thirty rather than thirty. The forgone education is initial education minus final education: $70 - 40 = 30$."},{"text":"The extra 10 healthcare units cost 10 education units: $70 - 60 = 10$.","correct":false,"explanation":"This compares point C with an education value that is not point D’s value. The actual fall is from 70 to 40, giving a 30-unit opportunity cost."},{"text":"The extra 10 healthcare units cost 40 education units: $70 - 30 = 40$.","correct":false,"explanation":"The final education value has been incorrectly treated as 30 rather than 40. Using the actual points gives $70 - 40 = 30$ education units."}]},{"id":"ac8f9de0-5c4b-4cf1-8782-9ca7ded85f2f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does productive efficiency mean?","back":"Productive efficiency means producing as much as possible from given resources.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Productive efficiency means producing as much as possible from given resources.","correct":true,"explanation":"Productive efficiency occurs when an economy obtains the maximum feasible output from its existing resources and technology, with no avoidable waste or underuse."},{"text":"Productive efficiency means producing the mix society most values from given resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"This describes allocative efficiency, which concerns preferences. Productive efficiency concerns maximising output from available resources, regardless of the chosen mix."},{"text":"Productive efficiency means producing as little as possible from given resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"Minimising output would waste productive potential and place production inside the frontier. Efficiency requires maximising output from the resources available."},{"text":"Productive efficiency means producing as much as possible using unlimited resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"The concept assumes scarce, given resources and technology. Unlimited resources remove the relevant constraint and do not define productive efficiency on a PPF."}]},{"id":"c9a76c45-c699-4403-a823-a64507c86f8f","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What does allocative efficiency mean?","back":"Allocative efficiency means producing the mix society most values.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Allocative efficiency means producing the mix society most values.","correct":true,"explanation":"Allocative efficiency occurs when the economy’s output combination reflects society’s preferences, so resources produce the goods and services valued most highly."},{"text":"Allocative efficiency means producing the maximum output from given resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"Maximum output from existing resources is productive efficiency. Allocative efficiency additionally asks whether the particular output mix matches society’s preferences."},{"text":"Allocative efficiency means producing the same amount of both goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Equal quantities are not automatically preferred or efficient. The efficient mix depends on society’s relative valuation of the goods, not numerical equality."},{"text":"Allocative efficiency means producing the cheapest combination of goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Lowest cost alone does not establish that society wants the resulting mix. Allocative efficiency concerns matching production with preferences and marginal benefits."}]},{"id":"f167ca14-6fa6-4841-9dd0-78fa794662cf","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"Where can productive efficiency occur on a PPF?","back":"Any point on the frontier is productively efficient.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Any point on the frontier is productively efficient.","correct":true,"explanation":"Every point on the PPF represents maximum attainable output for that particular combination, assuming resources and technology are fixed and used efficiently."},{"text":"Any point inside the frontier is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Interior points leave some productive potential unused. Productive efficiency requires reaching the frontier, where no extra output can be obtained without sacrificing another good."},{"text":"Only one point on the frontier is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"One point may be allocatively efficient if it matches preferences, but every point on the frontier is productively efficient because each uses capacity fully."},{"text":"Any point beyond the frontier is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Points beyond the frontier are currently unattainable, so they cannot represent actual productive efficiency. Efficiency applies to feasible maximum combinations on the frontier."}]},{"id":"6bc7d09d-2c04-451b-b92c-21d6a266c63d","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"How many points on a PPF are allocatively efficient?","back":"Only one point matches society's preferred mix of goods.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Only one point matches society's preferred mix of goods.","correct":true,"explanation":"Assuming a clearly defined set of preferences, one point on the frontier represents the output combination society values most. That point is allocatively efficient."},{"text":"Only every point matches society's preferred mix of goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"Different frontier points represent different output mixes, so they cannot all match society’s preferred combination. Productive efficiency applies to every frontier point instead."},{"text":"Only two points match society's preferred mix of goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"The number of goods does not imply two allocatively efficient points. Allocative efficiency identifies the single preferred combination under the model’s assumptions."},{"text":"Only no point matches society's preferred mix of goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"The model assumes preferences can identify a preferred attainable combination. That point is allocatively efficient, even though other frontier points remain productively efficient."}]},{"id":"8b7c5650-df8e-41b0-b920-2835338c9f3f","cardType":"basic","points":2,"front":"Why can an economy be productively efficient but still allocate resources badly?","back":"Every point on the frontier is productively efficient, but only one point is allocatively efficient.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"Every point on the frontier is productively efficient, but only one point is allocatively efficient.","correct":true,"explanation":"Points on the PPF use resources efficiently, so they are productively efficient. Only the point that best reflects consumer preferences and the value placed on each good is allocatively efficient."},{"text":"Every point inside the frontier is productively efficient, but only one point is allocatively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Points inside the frontier indicate unemployed or misallocated resources, so they are productively inefficient. The correct statement is that every point on the frontier is productively efficient, but only one is allocatively efficient."},{"text":"Every point beyond the frontier is productively efficient, but only one point is allocatively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"Points beyond the frontier are unattainable with current resources and technology, so they cannot demonstrate productive efficiency. Productive efficiency applies to every point on the frontier, with only one also allocatively efficient."},{"text":"Every point on the frontier is allocatively efficient, but only one point is productively efficient.","correct":false,"explanation":"The two types of efficiency have been reversed. Every point on the frontier is productively efficient, while only the point matching society's preferences is allocatively efficient."}]},{"id":"d148ba9e-93e5-47e7-bd2e-aae00a311f7a","cardType":"basic","points":1,"front":"What important limitation does a PPF have?","back":"A PPF simplifies the economy to just two goods.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"A PPF simplifies the economy to just two goods.","correct":true,"explanation":"A production possibility frontier shows the maximum combinations of two goods that can be produced with available resources and technology, simplifying the wider economy to make analysis possible."},{"text":"A PPF assumes the economy has just one good.","correct":false,"explanation":"A PPF compares alternative combinations of two goods, not one. Reducing the model to one good would remove the trade-off and opportunity-cost relationship that the diagram is designed to show."},{"text":"A PPF simplifies the economy to just three goods.","correct":false,"explanation":"The standard PPF is a two-good model. A three-good economy would require a three-dimensional representation or another method, so it is not the usual limitation described for a PPF."},{"text":"A PPF assumes the economy has just two resources.","correct":false,"explanation":"The PPF can include many types of resources, such as labour, land and capital. Its key simplification is that it represents production choices between only two goods."}]},{"id":"8a586c7e-f5ff-4158-83d7-b8e11b89191e","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A point [ ] represents productive efficiency.","back":"A point on the frontier represents productive efficiency.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"on the frontier","correct":true,"explanation":"Any point on the frontier uses the available resources and technology fully, producing the maximum possible output combination. This is the definition of productive efficiency in a PPF model."},{"text":"inside the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"A point inside the frontier is attainable but does not use all resources or technology efficiently. Productive efficiency is represented by a point on the frontier, where output is maximised."},{"text":"beyond the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"A point beyond the frontier cannot be achieved using current resources and technology. Productive efficiency is shown by points on the frontier, which are attainable maximum output combinations."},{"text":"at the origin","correct":false,"explanation":"The origin represents producing none of either good and therefore does not show maximum possible output. Productive efficiency is represented by points on the frontier."}]},{"id":"3b6d5d89-a67d-4dae-8ef3-cd9053d5ccf5","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A point [ ] represents unused or wasted resources.","back":"A point inside the frontier represents unused or wasted resources.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"inside the frontier","correct":true,"explanation":"A point inside the frontier is attainable but represents production below the economy's maximum potential. This can result from unemployment, inefficient resource use or wasted productive resources."},{"text":"on the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"Points on the frontier show productive efficiency because all available resources and technology are being used fully. Unused or wasted resources are represented by a point inside the frontier."},{"text":"beyond the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"A point beyond the frontier is unattainable with current resources and technology, rather than evidence of unused resources. Unused or wasted resources place production inside the frontier."},{"text":"above the frontier only","correct":false,"explanation":"A point above the frontier is unattainable under current conditions, so it does not represent wasted resources. Wasted or unemployed resources are shown by any attainable point inside the frontier."}]},{"id":"76a7c1e0-1630-41da-87a1-84232f50defa","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"A point [ ] is unattainable with current resources and technology.","back":"A point beyond the frontier is unattainable with current resources and technology.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"beyond the frontier","correct":true,"explanation":"A point beyond the frontier would require more resources, better technology or both than the economy currently possesses. It is therefore unattainable under current production conditions."},{"text":"inside the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"Points inside the frontier are attainable but show that resources are unemployed or used inefficiently. A point beyond the frontier is the one that cannot be reached with current capacity."},{"text":"on the frontier","correct":false,"explanation":"Points on the frontier are attainable maximum combinations using current resources and technology. They show productive efficiency, whereas unattainable combinations lie beyond the frontier."},{"text":"at the origin","correct":false,"explanation":"The origin is attainable because it represents producing zero units of both goods. It may show no production, but it is not an unattainable combination beyond current capacity."}]},{"id":"cc02fc91-3493-4937-a2ce-64a6c6522133","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"An outward-bowed PPF shows [ ] as production shifts towards one good.","back":"An outward-bowed PPF shows increasing opportunity cost as production shifts towards one good.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"increasing opportunity cost","correct":true,"explanation":"An outward-bowed PPF reflects resources that are not equally suited to producing both goods. As more resources shift towards one good, increasingly large amounts of the other good are sacrificed."},{"text":"decreasing opportunity cost","correct":false,"explanation":"Decreasing opportunity cost would be associated with an inward-bowed PPF, as resources become increasingly suited to the expanding good. An outward-bowed PPF shows increasing opportunity cost."},{"text":"constant opportunity cost","correct":false,"explanation":"Constant opportunity cost is represented by a straight-line PPF, where each additional unit of one good sacrifices the same amount of the other. An outward-bowed PPF shows increasing cost."},{"text":"zero opportunity cost","correct":false,"explanation":"Opportunity cost is present whenever resources are scarce and producing more of one good reduces potential production of another. An outward-bowed PPF shows that this cost increases."}]},{"id":"6a7c539e-f3de-4903-b13a-6ea8d20df7e0","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Moving along a PPF reallocates resources, whereas shifting the PPF changes total [ ].","back":"Moving along a PPF reallocates resources, whereas shifting the PPF changes total productive capacity.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"productive capacity","correct":true,"explanation":"Moving along a PPF changes the combination of goods produced using existing capacity. A shift of the whole PPF shows a change in the economy's total productive capacity."},{"text":"consumer preferences","correct":false,"explanation":"Consumer preferences affect the allocatively efficient point on a PPF, not the PPF's total productive capacity. A shift in the frontier represents changed resources, technology or capacity."},{"text":"opportunity cost","correct":false,"explanation":"Moving along a PPF changes opportunity cost as the production mix changes, but a shift changes the maximum output combinations available. That overall maximum is productive capacity."},{"text":"market demand","correct":false,"explanation":"Market demand can influence which point on the frontier is selected, but it does not directly define the frontier's maximum output. A shift changes total productive capacity."}]},{"id":"71012103-aedb-4f9f-9751-a20d0938ddbd","cardType":"cloze","points":null,"front":"Allocative efficiency occurs at the point on the PPF matching society's [ ].","back":"Allocative efficiency occurs at the point on the PPF matching society's preferences.","mcqOptions":[{"text":"preferences","correct":true,"explanation":"Allocative efficiency occurs where the output mix best matches what society wants. In a PPF model, this is the point on the frontier that reflects society's preferences between the two goods."},{"text":"income","correct":false,"explanation":"Income can influence preferences and purchasing power, but allocative efficiency is determined by the output combination society values most. The PPF point must match society's preferences."},{"text":"costs","correct":false,"explanation":"Costs help determine which production combinations are feasible and may influence prices, but allocative efficiency concerns whether the chosen output mix matches society's preferences."},{"text":"productivity","correct":false,"explanation":"Productivity affects the position of the PPF and therefore the economy's productive capacity. Allocative efficiency instead identifies the point on that frontier that matches society's preferences."}]}]}],"examCountdown":{"examDate":"2027-05-10","paperLabel":"Paper 1"},"heading":"1.1.5 Production possibility diagrams","title":"1.1.5 Production possibility diagrams Flashcards","topbar":{"backHref":"/a-level/economics/aqa/flashcards"},"topicSidebar":"$L38"}]}],"topicId":"7a32fd4e-9acb-536d-bed4-647e7cdff1dc","walled":"$L39"}],"$L3a","$L3b"]