The boiling points of the group 16 hydrides show an anomalous trend. While the boiling points of H2S\mathrm{H_2S}H2S, H2Se\mathrm{H_2Se}H2Se, and H2Te\mathrm{H_2Te}H2Te increase systematically down the group, water (H2O\mathrm{H_2O}H2O) has an unexpectedly high boiling point.
Which of the following statements explains this anomalous property?
The covalent bonding within water molecules.
The hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
The London dispersion forces (induced dipole–dipole interactions) between water molecules.
The permanent dipole–dipole interactions between water molecules.
