The Structure of Benzene
The Structure of Benzene

In 1865, Kekulé proposed that benzene was a flat ring with alternating single and double carbon-carbon bonds, known as cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene. However, modern orbital theory reveals a planar, symmetrical structure where each carbon uses three of its four outer-shell electrons to form σ\sigmaσ bonds.
Step-by-step lessons on OCR A A Level Chemistry Aromatic compounds. Each one builds up to exam-style questions. Build confidence with atomic structure, bonding and moles calculations early on, since these underpin the more demanding organic mechanisms, equilibrium and practical-analysis topics that dominate Year 2.