In a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, the electric field accelerates all positive ions to the same velocity before they enter the drift region.

A molecular vibration will only absorb infrared radiation if the stretching or bending of the covalent bonds results in a change in the molecular dipole moment.

Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide contribute to global warming by absorbing incoming high-energy ultraviolet radiation directly from the Sun.

In the stratosphere, ultraviolet radiation has sufficient energy to cause the homolytic fission of C–F bonds in chlorofluorocarbons, initiating ozone depletion.