This question is about α\alphaα-amino acids.
a.[1]
The general formula of an α\alphaα-amino acid is RCH(NH2)COOH\text{RCH(NH}_2)\text{COOH}RCH(NH2)COOH. Most α\alphaα-amino acids show optical isomerism. Explain the term optical isomerism.
b.[1]
The α\alphaα-amino acid valine has the R group of −CH(CH3)2-\text{CH(CH}_3)_2−CH(CH3)2. What is the systematic name of valine?
c.[2]
Draw diagrams to show 3D structures of the optical isomers of valine.
d.[1]
Three α\alphaα-amino acids can react together to form compound G, shown below:
How many optical isomers are possible for compound G?
e.[4]
A student hydrolyses compound G with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)\text{HCl(aq)}HCl(aq). Draw the structures of the organic products formed by this hydrolysis.